Puppet state

The idea
A puppet state is a metaphor of a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power. It is nominally sovereign but effectively controlled by a foreign or otherwise alien power, for reasons such as financial interests.

A puppet state preserves the external paraphernalia of independence like a name, flag, anthem, constitution, law codes and motto but in reality is an organ of another state which created or sponsored the government. Puppet states are not recognized as legitimate under international law.

Etymology of the term
In the Middle Ages vassal states existed which were based on delegation of rule of a country from a King to noble men of lower rank. Since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 the concept of a nation came into existence where sovereignty was connected more to the people who inhabited the land than to the nobility who owned the land. The term is a metaphor which compares a state or government to a puppet controlled by an outside puppeteer using strings. The first recorded use of the term "puppet government" is from 1884, in reference to the Khedivate of Egypt.

Examples
Algeria[edit] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic – The Polisario Front's government-in-exile has been accused by Morocco of being a puppet state used by Algeria to fight a proxy war against Morocco.[20][21] Armenia[edit] Nagorno-Karabakh Republic functions as a de facto part of Armenia. In 2015, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that "the "NKR" and its administration survives by virtue of the military, political, financial and other support given to it by Armenia which, consequently, exercises effective control over Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories."[22] Turkey[edit] Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus – According to the European Court of Human Rights, Republic of Cyprus remains the sole legitimate government in Cyprus and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus should be considered as a puppet state under Turkish effective control. [23] [24] Due to isolation and heavy dependence on Turkish support, Turkey has a high level of control over the country's decision-making processes. This has led to some experts stating that it runs as an effective puppet state of Turkey.[25][26][27] Other experts, however, have pointed out to the independent nature of elections and appointments in Northern Cyprus and disputes between the Turkish Cypriot and Turkish governments, concluding that "puppet state" is not an accurate description for Northern Cyprus.[28][29] Russia[edit] Abkhazia is sometimes considered[by whom?] a puppet state that depends on Russia.[30] The economy of Abkhazia is heavily integrated with Russia and uses the Russian ruble as its currency. About half of Abkhazia's state budget is financed with aid money from Russia.[31] Most Abkhazians have Russian passports.[32] Russia maintains a 3,500-strong force in Abkhazia with its headquarters in Gudauta, a former Soviet military base on the Black Sea coast.[33] The borders of the Republic of Abkhazia are being protected by the Russian border guards.[34] South Ossetia has declared independence but its ability to maintain independence is solely based on Russian troops deployed on its territory. As South Ossetia is landlocked between Russia and Georgia, from which it seceded, it has to rely on Russia for economic and logistical support, as its entire exports and imports and air and road traffic is only between Russia. Former President of South Ossetia Eduard Kokoity claimed he would like South Ossetia eventually to become a part of the Russian Federation through reunification with North Ossetia.[35] Transnistria – Created by Igor Smirnov and supported by Vladimir Antyufeyev and Alexander Lebed [36] Donetsk People's Republic – Created by Alexander Borodai and Igor Girkin [37][38] Lugansk People's Republic – Created by Valery Bolotov and Mikhail Kozitsyn[37][38]

http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/02/06/le-maroc-ne-reconnaitra-jamais-la-republique-sahraouie-selon-un-ministre_5075143_3212.html http://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/02/06/le-maroc-ne-reconnaitra-jamais-la-republique-sahraouie-selon-un-ministre_5075143_3212.html https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iH6gFG1v-kUC&pg=PA38&dq=&redir_esc=y http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=puppet&allowed_in_frame=0 https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=L7UOyPGYBkwC&pg=PA81&dq=&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{"itemid":["002-10619"]}

https://books.google.gr/books?id=4ph_D_aYHNMC&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=puppet+state+trnc&source=bl&ots=4LiN-7opEU&sig=1zfrjnnAdwUsPiMdTh7s2AKVxRg&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqqtm23aLVAhXC0RQKHV0RAJoQ6AEIYjAG#v=onepage&q=puppet%20state%20trnc&f=false http://www.thecommentator.com/article/1272/georgia_and_russia_the_occupation_too_many_have_forgotten https://www.thetimes.co.uk/#section-world

https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2014/0305/Is-Transnistria-the-ghost-of-Crimea-s-future-video

https://www.ft.com/content/db589e94-a602-11e4-9bd3-00144feab7de https://books.google.gr/books?id=ENeSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=puppet+state+trnc&source=bl&ots=3XapsbISz2&sig=UkM53QW6A3m7MG_cq6z0cnuYIJ0&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimsN7F4aLVAhUKXhQKHcbTAxEQ6AEIVDAE#v=onepage&q=puppet%20state%20trnc&f=false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppet_state?oldformat=true#cite_note-WaPo-38

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppet_state?oldformat=true