"London's Burning" (the political epithet, not the UK TV show)

Usage
"London's Burning" was a political and media epithet relating to the inner London's near social anarchy from the mid 1970's to the mid 1980s. It is not related to the UK's TV show about London's firefighters. Left wingers, ethnic minorities, squatters, gays, hippies, druggies, the TUC, anti-Vietnam War protests, bent cops, crooks, communist agitators, bizzar "Loony Left" councilors, dictatorial Conservative councilors and Neo-nazi rioters all got involved in the crisis at various times.

Racism and Anti-Sematisum in the East End
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

Anti-sematisum, sino-phobia and Polonophobia were common place since late Victorian times. Some of the then Jack the Ripper theories were wholly Anti-Semitic in nature and Sir Oswald Mosley's fascist Black Shirts held sway parts of in the East End from the mid 1930s to the early 1950s.

The 'Windrush Boys' arrive
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

The British Nationality Act 1948 gave British citizenship to all people living in Commonwealth countries, and full rights of entry and settlement in Britain. Many West Indians were attracted by better prospects in what was often referred to as the mother country, which was short of manpower due to the heavy losses incurred in World War 2. Northampton and Reading welcomed them, but London and Nottingham hated them. The traditional Labour voting parts of the East End basically hated any one, who weren't native Londoner/East End Whites. Sir Oswald Mosley had once held much support in parts of it due to his Anti-Semitic views.

In 1958, attacks in the London area of Notting Hill by white youths marred relations with West Indian residents, leading to the creation of the annual Notting Hill Carnival, which was initiated in 1959 as a positive response by the Caribbean community. The continue to celebrate their cultural heritage at the festival to the resent day.

The Kray twins
Twin brothers Ronald "Ronnie" Kray (24 October 1933 – 17 March 1995) and Reginald "Reggie" Kray (24 October 1933 – 1 October 2000) were English gangsters who were the foremost perpetrators of organised crimes including armed robberies, arson, protection rackets, assaults, intimidation and the murders in London's East End of during the 1950s and 1960s. They were non-political and, as far as I know non-raciest, gangsters, but they helped destabilise London all the same and vote chasing politicians even exploited the Kray's criminal acts for there electoral gain.

The 1954 Newspaper Dispute
The walk out disrupted the news papers, including Fleet Street in London.

The street was named in Medieval times after a river that was later culverted in to a Victorian era drainage pipe.

The 1955 Rail Strike
The walk out disrupted the railways, including those in London. Apparently one of the unions was more militant than the other and fell out with the TUC, who are the trades union's collective national organising comity. A communist plot may have been behind the strike.

East End declines
Limehouse Basin was amongst the first docks to close in the late 1960s. later the docks also closed at Whapping and The Isle of Dogs. Other places like Whitechapple and Brick Lane were also in decline for other socio-economic reasons. By 1981, Limehouse had shared the London Docklands-wide physical, social and economic decline which led to the setting up of the London Docklands Development Corporation in these regions.

As industry continued to decline during the 1970s, Camden's population continued to decline, falling to 161,100 at the start of the 1980s.

The Camden markets, which started in 1973, when Camden Lock market proper started in a former timber-yard in 1973, and have now grown to 6 since then. The equily popular market in Inverness Steet is over 100 years old. Camden has now begun to rise again with new housing developments on brownfield sites and the release of railway and gas work lands around Kings Cross.

Other places like Whitechapple, Shadwell, the Isle of Dogs, Wapping, Beckton and the Greenwich Peninsular have been revitalised since the late 1970s.

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is an automated light metro system opened in 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of London and has grown vastly ever since.

The 2001 census gave Camden a population of 198,000, an accidental under count that was later revised to 202,600. The projected 2006 figure is 227,500.

Similar stories of decline and renewal hit other places like Manchester, Cardiff, Belfast and Glasgow at the same time.

CND marches
CND organised the Aldermaston March which went from the Atomic Weapons Establishment near Aldermaston to Trafalgar Square in London every Easter weekend Between 1959 and 1965. Many Labour MPs and councilors, alonf with a few Conservatives and Liberals, supported CND's ideals and joined in their rallies and maches.

The Special Patrol Group

 * Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).
 * Also see: London's covert kinky and illegal sex life.

The Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group (SPG) was a often violent special police squad analogues to the other forces' more law abiding Special/Flying Squad and was active from 1961 to 12 January 1987, then being replaced by  the Territorial Support Group. The SPG was accused of racism and abuse of the UK's sus laws.

The offical equerry and police disciplinary inquiry after the death of Blair Peach found variety of unauthorised weapons were either used by and/or found in the possession of SPG officers, including baseball bats, crowbars and sledgehammers.

Sir Oswald Mosley gets punched in 1962

 * Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

Anti-Nazi violence flared at Union Movement Mosley rally lead by Former fascist leader, Sir Oswald Mosley, he is punched on Kingsland High Road.

1961 anti-Lumumba rally
Clashes with Mounted police during a demonstration against the murder of ex-Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Patrice Lumumba.

1962 Tube Strike
Packed cars, "hopelessly inadequate" buses, traffic jams hit London during the LTE (now TfL) 1 day tube strike.

The July 3rd, 1966, Anti-Vietnam War London protests
At least 31 people Were arrested in central London after their 4,000 strong protest outside the American Embacy against the Vietnam War turned violent and mounted police were sent in.

The 17th of March, 1968, Anti-Vietnam War London protests
A 10,000 held a rally in Trafalgar Square in London and later 8,000 mainly youthful protesters marched on Grosvenor Square, where Vanessa Redgrave delivered a letter of protest to the American embassy.

The crowd, though, refused to disperse, and a fierce battle ensued between demonstrators and riot police. Protesters hurled mud, stones, firecrackers and smoke bombs; mounted police responded with charges.

The violence of the struggle, in the heart of Mayfair, shocked everyone. By the end of the afternoon, more than 200 people had been arrested, a police horse injered and 21 people from both sides also injured during the event.

Their was rumour amongst the protesters that US Marines guarding the embassy were hiding behind the doors, armed with machine guns filled with live ammunition, and under a licence to kill. Some protesters also felt sorry for the police horses as they threw ball-bearings under their hooves.

Other such rallies had also occurred at about the same period of time in Tokyo, Paris, Prague, Chicago, Mexico City, but not all of them were violent.

The National Rail Strike of June 24th, 1968
The walk out disrupted the railways, including those in London.

The 1969 miners strike
Unofficial strike by mineworkers over pay of surface workers caused chaos as coal supplies ran low.

The Bangladeshis arrive
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

They fist came over as a result of the 1969-1972 Bangladeshi was of independence against Pakistan. 5 March 1971 saw a demonstration in front Pakistan High Commission in London with a flag burning and memorandum handover to high commissioner for liberation. Similar anti-Pakistan events occurred at this time in both Birmingham and other parts of London, such as Spitalfields. They were later encouraged to move to Britain on mass due to changes in immigration UK laws, natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone, the aftermath of the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan, to escape poverty and on the Sylhet region's perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families in the UK.

A mixed White/Asian/Black demonstration against the National Front took place in Brick Lane, during the June of 1978.

1970 Southall peace and unity march
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

A 25-30 strong Afro-Caribbean and Asian rally occurred near Ealing Broadway station in first week of May.

Clerkenwell squatter's camp
A disused tenement building in Clerkenwell Road was taken over by hippy squatters and daubed with graffiti in 17 August 1971. They tried to promote anarchist-leftism, liberal-leftism, dope, peace, anti-capitalism, multi-multiculturalism and personal freedom. Left-wingers had be active in the district since at leas 1933 and there were quite a few pro-Soviet elements and individuals in the district.

Early 1970s and early 1980`s Football Hooligan Riots
London matches were also devastated on a daily basis by this UK wide phenomena.

1974 Red Lion Square race rally clashes
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

A march through central London, that went trough Red Lion Square turned in to a riot a 1 person was killed in Red Lion Square. 39 policemen and several demonstrators received treatment for cuts and other injuries.

The National Front was marching to protest against the government's amnesty for illegal immigrants and Members of the International Marxist Group (IMG), marching with Liberation, clashed with police at Red Lion Square when they both attempted to continue on their pre-planned and intersecting route.

1974 Tube strike
It was a partly effective 1 day tube strike in the May of 1974 which was meant to back up the NUM's long running strike outside London. The 2 miners' strikes were in 1972 and 1974.

The British government imposed a 3-day working week in early 1974 for commercial and industrial users of electricity after industrial action by miners caused most power stations to run out of coal. Steel, dock, power station, automotive, electrical, BBC, ITV, bus and rail workers also struck at times across the nation to. Many dockers were jailed in both strikes for treason, but were soon released after the strike was over, since they did break strike and trades union activity laws in several cases, but were not traitors or in league with a hostile outside power and/or organised crime as some claimed at the time.

Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE)
Also see: London's covert kinky and illegal sex life.

Paedophile Action for Liberation had developed as a breakaway group from South London Gay Liberation Front. The Paedophile Information Exchange (PIE) pedophile advocacy was founded in October 1974 and officially discriminated and disbanded in 1984. Vague media and purported eye witness accusations that it was in league with the 'Loony Left', if not the London branch of the Labour Party as a whole continue to this day.

The 'steaming' of the Nottinghill Canaveral
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982). The 1959 event, held indoors and televised by the BBC, was organised by Trinidadian Claudia Jones

Emslie Horniman's Pleasance (in the nearby Ladbroke Grove area, with Westbourne Park its closest tube station), has been the carnival's traditional starting point.

There was major trouble in 1976 and 1975 with pickpockets in the crowd and police's heavy-handed approach against the large congregation of blacks and it became "no-man's land". The 1,600 strong police force violently broke up the 1976 carnival, resulting in the arrest of 60 people. The mostly white police then understandably bullied, got paranoid about, lied about and racial smeared it for many years. A change of policy came after a confrontation with mostly Jamaican 'Steamers' (crowds off professional muggers, mugging entire clouds of spectators on mass) in 1987. There were a few other muggings, lesser steaming in later years.

The Brick Lane anti-National Front demonstration of June 1978
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

A mixed White/Asian/Black demonstration against the National Front took place in Brick Lane, during the June of 1978.

The new National Front HQ
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

The National Front moved its headquarters from Teddington in West London to Great Eastern Street, a few minutes' walk from Brick Lane in the September of 1978.

The 'Winter of Discontent' in London
The phrase "Winter of Discontent" refers to the British winter of 1978-1979, when widespread strikes marked the largest stoppage of labour since the 1926 General Strike, as the working classes and the Trade Unions rebelled against the hapless Labour Party government of James Callaghan, due to the declining economically. Most of the strikes were  over by the February of 1979, but the Conservatives fed on it and proto-spin-doctored there way to victory in the 1979 general election and then inevitably passed legislation to restrict unions.

Public sector employee strike actions included an unofficial strike by gravediggers working in Liverpool and Tameside, and strikes by refuse collectors. Additionally, NHS ancillary workers formed picket lines to blockade hospital entrances with the result that many hospitals were reduced to taking emergency patients only.

The U.K.'s dustmen (a.k.a. garbage collectors) went on strike trough out most of the strike and caused much chaos in the nation. Feb. 1, 1979, during a strike by dustmen in the London borough of Westminster; Leicester Square, Soho, and a 3/4 mile backlog of rotting garage in London’s Finsbury Park became notoriuse across the Western World. LUL and the buses went on strike at times as well.

The death of Blair Peach
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

lair Peach was an active member of the East London Teachers' Association, a branch of the National Union of Teachers, and became its president in the last year of his life. He was also allegedly a member of the Socialist Workers' Party at the time of his death.

He was a campaigner and activist against far right and neo-Nazi organisations and a member of Anti-Nazi League.

Soho's illegal sex industry
Also see: London's covert kinky and illegal sex life.

Between 1965 and 1982, the number of sex shops had over doubled from 31 to 65 and had disturbed the local populous with their activities by the late 1970s. In 1982 Porter became Chairman of the General Purposes Committee and set to work in alleviating the issue. Only 13 shops remained in Soho by the February of 1983.

The porn shops and squatters in Clerkenwell incident
Also see: London's covert kinky and illegal sex life.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s several suattre camps/illegal porn shops ran there covert trade in and around Ashmount Road, Hornsey Rise until the Police's SPG unit violently raided them and arrested/beat up the people behind them.

Mile End Hospital rallies
There were intermittent rallies against planned cuts and changes in services at the hospital throughout the 1980s.

The 1980 Britsh Movement's London rallies
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

They held a roudy rally that ran from Paddington and Marble Arch. London, 1980. there were scuffles with police and some arrests. A couple also occered at a similar time in the East End.

Nicky Crane,Crane was jailed in 1981 for his part in an ambush on black youths at Woolwich Arsenal station. An old bailey judge described Nicky Crane as "worse than an animal" after his part in the May 1978 bus stop attack that involved assault on a unsuspecting black family in Bishopsgate.

The 1981 Brixton riot
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982).

Both April and July 1981 saw a series of major riots in London, Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds and Liverpool by poor and jobless people, most of whom were Black. London's political 'Loony Left', the National Front and the National Newspapers soon took sides and started to stoke the flames of discontent.

1981 Brixton Riots, or "Bloody Saturday"/Brixton uprising, was a confrontation between the Metropolitan Police and protesters in Lambeth, South London, England, between 10 and 11 April 1981.

The death of PC Kieth Blakelock
Also see: Racial conflict in London (1959-1982). PC Blakelock was killed in 1985 and became first constable to be slain a riot in Britain since 1833, when PC Robert Culley was stabbed to death in Clerkenwell, London.

1985 Putney gas blast
8 people were been killed in an explosion in a prestigious block of flats in Putney. The blast was caused by a ruptured gas main igniting and has been compared to a 50lb bomb going off and has caused an estimated £250m worth of damage.

The 1984/85 British Miners Strike/Miners' Strike of 1984-85


The strike by mine workers was over the very future of there industry. It was on issues concerning heavy job cuts, falling mine output, new technology, falling profitability and recently imported cheep coal flooding the UK's market caused chaos as power station coal supplies ran low. The NUM held a large and for the most part peaceable Hyde Park Corner to Trafalgar Square protest march towards the middle of the strike. Various Eastern Bloc nations watched with concern and wondered if the NUM's hard-left-wing leader, Arthur Scargill, really was going to successfully cause a working class rebellion and ultimately Bolshevise the UK.

After the strike the much reduced coal industry was privatised in December 1994, ultimately becoming UK Coal. While in 1983 Britain had 174 working mines, by 2009, the number had decreased to six.

Poverty increased in former coal mining areas, and an EU study on deprivation in 1994 found that Grimethorpe in South Yorkshire was the poorest settlement in the country.

In 2013, the UK consumed 60 million tons of coal, of which 50 million tons were imported.

The Wapping dispute


The 1986-1987 Wapping print workers' dispute was, along with the miners' strike of 1984-5, a significant turning point in the history of the trade union movement and of UK industrial relations.

Mostly power mad boss and mostly lazy print workers fell out over new working practices, new technology and staff cuts. This lead to a strike and picket of the News International printing presses at Wapping.

The Manxman and the Soho gay/porn cinema incident
Also see: London's covert kinky and illegal sex life.

In the early 1980s a morally conservatively minded bloke from the Isle of Man was jailed for chucking a petrol bomb in to a then well known and popular illegal night time gay/porn cinema in a Soho basement, leading to a 5 deaths and several injures as a result of the fire and the subsequent struggle to escape the burning room.

Nuclear-free zones
By the late 1980s, Grater Manchester, Greater London, The London Borough Hounslow and the 'Loony Left' London boroughs in London; along with a few other rural counties (of which a few wer Liberal and Conservative run) and boughs had declared them selves nuclear zones.

The up-swing
There was an Afro-Caribbean and urban-poor upswing in the inner London Labour vote during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in favor those labour members who were seen as hard left, pro-feminist, anti-racist, gay-rights supporters, pro-disabled rights, lawless and felt upset over the issue of PLO camps; at the exspence of Labour's traditional working class roots, such as trades unionism and worker's rights.

Labours' 'Loony Left'
See: London's political 'Loony Left'

While academics have depicted the era as of the "new urban left" (such as with the rate-capping rebellion) as a throwback to earlier municipal militancy and poplarism, but wider media coverage tended to focus on the personalities of city leaders such as the Greater London Council's Ken Livingstone and Liverpool's Derek Hatton. The Lambeth Borough leader 'Red' Ted night is often regarded as there spiritual founder.

The Conservatives and Dame Shirley Porter
The Conservatives were narrowly re-elected to Westminster City Council in the 1986 local council elections, with their majority reduced from 26 to just a majority of 4. The Conservatives in total only held onto control of the council by 106 votes after Labour failed to gain the marginal Cavendish Ward which was needed to give Labour the majority to take control of the council.

Now fearing that they would eventually lose control unless there was a permanent change in the social composition of the borough, Dame Shirly Porter instituted a secret policy known as 'Building Stable Communities'. The most marginal in the City Council elections of 1986. Bayswater, Maida Vale and Millbank, had been narrowly won by Labour, whilst St. James's, Victoria and Cavendish had been narrowly lost by them, in West End ward an Independent had split the two seats with the Conservatives while in Hamilton Terrace the Conservatives were threatened by the SDP.

As a result every thing from who could get a council house to what streets were cleaned became politically skewed to promoting, rewarding and creating more Conservative held wards. Those most likley to vote Concervative (A.K.A. Tory) got the majority of council houses in marginal seats. This fatally subverted democracy between 1986 and 1990. He antics helped prove to many that the Conservatives were as anti-democratic as labour, thus raising the Liberal and SDP vote in Greater London as a whole.

Westminster City (borough) Council is currently composed of 48 Conservative Party members and 12 Labour Party members. Voteing in the borough is a lot fairer these days.

The Liberal Democrats and the SDP/Liberal Alliance
They made major inroads in to both labour and Conservative heartlands as this went on. They controlled the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames from 1986 to 1998, ant Tower Hamlets from 1986 to 1990. The Greens, SWP, One London, BNP, UKIP and Respect, The Unit Coalition have all made in roads since.

End game at the The London Poll Tax Riot


The London Poll Tax Riot was a protests-come-riot against the poll tax (officially known as the "Community Charge"), that occurred on Saturday, 31 March 1990, shortly before the tax was due to come into force in England and Wales. It involved a Central London riot in which Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), some squads from Hertfordshire police, protesters and other activist demonstrators, which ended in rampaging and looting stated at ~2.30pm that day and lasted until ~3 a.m. the next day.

On 31 March 1990, people began gathering in Kennington Park from 12.00pm. It was set up by both the All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation (The Fed), Labour's Trotskyist Militant tendency and the Anti-Poll Tax Unions. Turnout was and between 180,000 and 250,000 arrived. Good weather and a recently abandoned anti-government rally by the operation Labour Party may also have contributed to the number of protesters. As the rally wound up, about 2,000 to 2,500 healy armed left wing thugs, most of whom were connected to hard leftist groups like SWP, CW or the Loony left of the British Labour Party, went on the rampage and then the terrified police the panicked and attacked anyone who was at the rally regardless of whether they were rioting or not.

The demonstrators mixed in with the general public and hid amongst them to confuse police. By midnight, released figures claimed 113 were injured, mostly members of the public, but also police officers; and 339 people had been arrested over the 9 1/2 hours of Urban warfare. Scuffles between rioters and police continued until 3am.

The rioters attacked numerous shops including a Stringfellow's nightclub, a branch of Garfunkel's, a branch of Tie Rack, electrical retailers, a branch of Aquertums, a jewelry shop, a McDonald's restaurant, a branch of M&S, a Labooks betting shop and handfull car showrooms; as Covent Garden cafés and wine bars were set ablaze, along with motor vehicles. The S. African embassy and a near by building site were also set ablaze. Published accounts detail shop windows being broken, goods looted, and cars being overturned in Piccadilly Circus, Oxford Street, Regent Street, Whitehall, Leicester Square, Charing Cross Road, and Covent Garden. Police ordered pubs and LUL tube stations to close as a riot controle messure.

The offical responses given by the London police, the government, Westminster London Borough Council, the Labour Party and some Union officials and some of the Marxist and Trotskyist left, notably "The Militant Tendency", was to condemn the riot as senseless and to blame anarchists. Tommy Sheridan of The Scottish Socialist Party, who had lead a simultaneous and mostly peacefully Glaswegian poll tax march, condemned the protesters. The next day, a concerned Steve Nally, also a Socialist Party member and Secretary of the All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation, said that they would "hold an inquiry and name names."

Some anarchists, especially the high-profile Class War organisation and those from the Anarchist 121 Bookshop in Brixton, were happy to defend the actions of the crowd in response to the police. They were joined by other sections of the libertarian left in condoning the riot as legitimate self-defence against police attack. According to Danny Burns: "Often attack is the only effective form of defence and, as a movement, we should not be ashamed or defensive about these actions, we should be proud of those who did fight back."

It was also backed by the UK Socialist Workers' Party (SWP), which was blamed for most of the violence by some in the media. Labour MP George Galloway also refused to condemn protesters, calling the events a "police riot." Pat Stack, then a member of the SWP's Central Committee, told The Times: "We did not go on the demonstration with any intention of fighting with the police, but we understand why people are angry and we will not condemn that anger."

Simultaneous Glaswegian, Mancunian, Liverpudlian, Shefildian, Bristolian, Exiterian, Pymouthian, Southaptonite, Doverian and Brummie relies all remained peacefully except for the occasional drunken brawl along the way!

Life today


There have been LUL and bus strikes since, and a mixture of anti-capitalists, ecologists, Reclaim the Streets, anti-Iraq war protesters, El Majaroon (a pro-Taliband lot), the Countryside Alliance and ethnic minorities have rallied, marched, protested and rioted since, but is has never been as constant or bad as in the 1970s and 1980s.

The Camden markets, which started in 1973, when Camden Lock market proper started in a former timber-yard in 1973, and have now grown to 6 since then. The equily popular market in Inverness Steet is over 100 years old. Camden has now begun to rise again with new housing developments on brownfield sites and the release of railway and gas work lands around Kings Cross.

By 1981, Limehouse had shared the London Docklands-wide physical, social and economic decline which led to the setting up of the London Docklands Development Corporation in these regions. Other places like Whitechapple, Shadwell, the Isle of Dogs, Wapping, Beckton and the Greenwich Peninsular have been revitalised since the late 1970s. Sadly, most of the better property is now in the hands of rich incomers and not the locals.

The Docklands Light Railway (DLR) is an automated light metro system opened in 1987 to serve the redeveloped Docklands area of London and has grown vastly ever since.

The 2001 census gave Camden a population of 198,000, an accidental under count that was later revised to 202,600. The projected 2006 figure was 227,500 and the 2014 estimate was at 234,846.

In 2002, the Countryside Alliance organised the Liberty & Livelihood March, then the largest ever demonstration in British history, with almost half a million people marching through London to demonstrate against the proposed ban on fox hunting with hounds.

There were the horrific 7 July 2005 London bombings (AKA- The 7/7 attacks).

The scale of 10 Nov 2010 the London protest defied expectations, with as angry students rioted over tuition fees on the city's streets. 1 Dec 2010 was also chaotic as police arrested 153 people during clashes in London on the third day of protests against plans to raise student tuition fees. Several fires were lit, graffiti daubed on statues and missiles thrown at riot police.

The 6th to 16th of August 2011 UK wide riots started in Tottenham after a protest over the shooting of Mark Duggan protest turned ugly. Violence and looting spread across London and to other cities in England. Hackney to Croydon lay in ruins.


 * Whilst every one involved dose not fully know what happened and are not unwilling to let on, it is true that the shooting was controversial! Afro-Caribbeans were angry with the police enquiery. They were concerned about a possible cover-up and held a rally outside the local police station turned ugly.
 * Gangs began attacking any one who was not Black in Hackney LB, eastern Enfield LB and Hertfordshire's Broxtowe District. Wood Green's Tamils and Turks defended their shops. Soon, a multi-ethnic mayhem plundered and destroyed Central London and final burnt most of Croydon to the ground!
 * The Police did a good job as did the variose local malitias (Siekh, Moslim, Chinese, Surrymen, Jewish, Somali, French, American, Aussie, Turkish, Irish, Indian, Sinhales, Tamils, football fans, Essexians, Hertfordians, native East Enders, Berkshiremen, the staff of a south London leasure center and the staff of an Ealing LB industrial park).
 * Some major places like Newcatel-upon-Tyne, Exiter, Carliels, Belfast, Norwich, Hounslow LB, Sutton LB and Hillingdon LB were not ravished.
 * Minor scuffles and odd acts of vandalism and/or arson hit Glasgow and Cardiff; along with several English places, including- St. Albans, Banbury, Worcester, Portsmouth, Reading, Oxford and Milton Keynes.


 * Other notable armed risings were in-
 * 1) Salford- Hatred of Poles.
 * 2) Derby- General criminality.
 * 3) Nottingham- Theft by rich youngsters.
 * 4) Manchester- Peasants rebelling violently.
 * 5) Birmingham- Theft by rich youngsters.
 * 6) Liverpool- N/A.
 * 7) Toxtdith and near by places in the Liverpool Urban Area- N/A.
 * 8) Bristol- Hatred of a particular local Tesco shop. There was longstanding opposition to a Tesco Express store in Cheltenham Road, Stokes Croft, Bristol.
 * 9) West Bromwich and near by parts of the Black Country- Peasants rebelling violently.
 * 10) Coventry- General criminality.
 * 11) Wolverhampton- N/A.
 * 12) Lincoln- N/A.
 * 13) Gloucester- N/A.
 * 14) Gillingham- N/A.
 * 15) West Yorkshire County- N/A.


 * 5 Nov 2014 saw officers in riot gear at a number of points later drew batons and clashed with various localised protests in the city.
 * 1 November 2015 saw a band of 'Scumoween' ravers clash with London riot police.

Also see

 * 1) The Paris riots of the 1960s
 * 2) IG Metall strikes between 1955 and 1985
 * 3) Kent State University vs. Ohio National Guardsmen
 * 4) Politically Communist and/or Socialist
 * 5) Italy's Years of Lead
 * 6) CND
 * 7) RAF Molesworth
 * 8) RAF Upper Heyford
 * 9) Greenham Air Base
 * 10) London's political 'Loony Left'
 * 11) Racial conflict in London (1959-1982)
 * 12) London's covert kinky and illegal sex life
 * 13) Harlem- 1950-1990
 * 14) London's covert kinky and illegal sex life
 * 15) March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
 * 16) Hippies
 * 17) Operation Gladio

Links

 * 1) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-13167041
 * 2) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-13167041
 * 3) http://www.britishpathe.com/video/1962-tube-strike
 * 4) http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/tube-strike-archive-footage-1962-london-underground-tube-strike-video-1435235
 * 5) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/3/newsid_2757000/2757911.stm
 * 6) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm
 * 7) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_Tax_Riots
 * 8) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/27/newsid_2478000/2478197.stm
 * 9) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/3/newsid_2757000/2757911.stm
 * 10) http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/31/poll-tax-riots-25-years-ago-political-awakening-carnage-trafalgar-square
 * 11) http://www.wikiwand.com/en/7_July_2005_London_bombings
 * 12) http://www.eplates.info/maps/LU1972-1980.html
 * 13) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/15/newsid_2512000/2512725.stm
 * 14) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/10/newsid_2518000/2518541.stm
 * 15) http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/10/newsid_4045000/4045495.stm
 * 16) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRj2K0ulD8Q
 * 17) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Charge
 * 18) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8593158.stm
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