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Colombian conflict (1964–present)

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Overview[]

The low-intensity asymmetric war known as the Colombian conflict (Spanish: Conflicto armado interno de Colombia) began on May 27, 1964 and is fought between the government of Colombia, far-right paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, drug cartels and far-left guerrilla groups.

Origins[]

It ultimately can be trace back to the 1899-1902 Thousand Days War, civil war between Colombia's ruling Colombian Liberal Party and Colombian Conservative Party The death of of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan in 1948 triggered the El Bogotazo, as Liberal and Conservative violence spread across the country as part of Colombia's 1948-1958 La Violenca.

Background[]

It roots were in the 1920 with disputes over the Sumapaz and Tequendama regions in La Violencia It was a conflict in which both the liberal and leftist parties united against the conservative dictator, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. He gagged the press and ruled with a pro-Catholic iron fist; but did allow the building of constructed several hospitals, universities and the National Astronomic Observatory, as well as the beginnings of TV services in the country. Colombia at the time was a troubled banana republic, that was dominated by foreign monopolies, the most powerfully being the the United Fruit Company.

The United Fruit Company bought loads of agricultural products in Latin America at painfully cheap prices, then sold them on to foreign markets for inflated prices. Local farmers were largely impoverished and were forced to grow specific crops creating an agricultural mono-culture in which the farmers were payed in company coupons for exclusive use at the painfully over priced company stores. The farmers depended on the company for all virtually everything were forced to sell their private property to the United Fruit Company to pay of there debts as well as having work on the land even longer and pay back the company.

The United Fruit Company would hire private paramilitaries to enforce its power over rebellious workers and stage right-wing company backed coups to it's maintain power via puppet dictators.

Combatants[]

Colombian government[]

The Colombian government

Supported by:

  1. Peru
  2. United States
  3. Spain
  4. United Kingdom

Paramilitaries (Far-right)[]

  1. AUC (1997–08)
  2. AAA (1978–99)
  3. CONVIVIR (1994–07)
  4. ACCU (1964–09)
  5. Los Paisas (2008–14)
  6. Black Eagles

(2006–present)

  1. Los Rastrojos (2004–16)
  2. Libertadores del Vichada (2010–17)
  3. Bloque Meta (2010–17)
  4. ERPAC (1964–2010)
  5. Clan del Golfo
  6. Oficina de Envigado

Guerrillas (Far-left)[]

  1. ELN
  2. FARC dissidents
  3. EPL (residual)
  4. FARIP
  5. FARC (1964–2017)
  6. ERP (1985–2007)
  7. CGSB (1987–90)
  8. M-19 (1964–90)
  9. MOEC (1964–95)
  10. MAQL (1984–91)
  11. ERC (1964–92)
  12. ERG (1964–2008)
  13. PRT (1964–91)

Supported by:

  1. Venezuela (alleged)
  2. Cuba
  3. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (until 2011)
  4. Soviet Union (until 1989)
  5. ETA (1964–2018)
  6. PIRA\Provo\Provisional IRA (1969–98)

Drug cartels[]

  1. Medellín Cartel (1972–1993)
  2. Cali Cartel (1970s–1996)
  3. Norte del Valle Cartel (late 1980s-2008)

Supported by:

  1. Nicaragua (alleged)
  2. Cuba (alleged)
  3. Panama under General Noriega (alleged)
  4. Muerte a Secuestradores
  5. FARC Disidents
  6. FARC
  7. Los Pepes

Organised crime gangs[]

  • Los Priscos (1980s-1991, defunct)

Peace deal[]

The Colombian peace process was made by the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC–EP), with negotiations begging in the September of 2012 and concluding in a lasting peace on August 24, 2016.

A Colombian public referendum to ratify the deal on October 2, 2016 saw 50.2% of voters voted against the agreement. The president went ahead anyhow and both the Colombian government and the FARC signed a revised peace plan on November 24 houses of Congress ratified tit on November 29–30, 2016, thus bribing the end to the conflict.

Total losses by inured 2020[]

  • Total casualties: 218,094
  • Total civilians killed: 177,307
  • People abducted: 27,023
  • Victims of enforced 'disappearances': 25,007
  • Victims of anti-personnel mines: 10,189
  • Total people displaced: 4,744,046–5,712,506
  • Total number of children displaced: 2.3 million children.
  • Number of refugees: 340,000
  • The number of children killed: 45,000
  • Missing children: 8,000 minors
Communist world! (1922-1991)
The Warsaw Pact and the military Warsaw Pact - People's Republic of Albania (left) - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- Warsaw Pact Rail - USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - Romanian Popular Republic - Romanian People's Republic - Soviet 5.45x39mm - Soviet Southern Group of Forces -Seven days to the River Rhine (1979) - Jüterbog Airfield -Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Brezhnev Doctrine - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Archangelsk Navel base - Kaliningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory - Burevestnik Airport - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle - Red Army - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Eastern bloc - Tupolev Tu-160- 9M14 Malyutka - RPG-7 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Council for Mutual Economic

Assistance (ComEcom) nations

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - SovRoms - Mongolian People's Republic - Cuba - Vietnam - North Vietnam - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - People's Republic of Albania (left) - ‎Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (never fully joined) - Romanian Popular Republic -Romanian People's Republic - North Korea (de facto, but not de jure to avoid worrying the PRC) - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (wanted to join, but never got round to doing so) - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - Eastern bloc
The ones with nukes USSR - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Sino-Soviet Split Sino-Soviet Split - USSR - Zhou Enlai - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Mao Zedong - People's Republic of China People's Republic of Albania
The end of it Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Fall of the Berlin wall - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Dissolution of the Soviet Union - Singing Revolution - Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union- The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Chernobyl disaster -Glasnost - Perestroika
Economics Sakhalin Island - Life under communism - Food cards- Collective farms- Yugoslavian Agricoles - Political Committee of the Communist Party of China - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - The Agrokomerc Affair - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Eastern bloc
Politics and Geo-politics Sakhalin Island - Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Khrushchev Thaw- Tito–Stalin Split‎-‎‎ Life under communism - Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - Cold War - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - Russian and Soviet Leaders between 1917 and 2018 - Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing- Closed Soviet locations - Gulags - Berlin Wall - Détente - Sino-Soviet Split - Brezhnev Doctrine - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation -Glasnost - Perestroika - Kuril Islands - Rybachy Peninsula - Kaliningrad Oblast - Eastern bloc - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Technology and outer space Sputnik 1 - Soviet Space Program - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive -Soviet MSI nMOS chip‎‎ - Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin - Chernobyl disaster - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle -Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)- The Space Race - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Vostok rocket-Soyuz rocket - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Zenit 2 - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM
People Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Vladimir Lenin - Leonid Brezhnev‎ - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Joseph Stalin - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Mikhail Gorbachev‎‎ - Ho Chi Minh - Fidel Castro - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Mohammad Najibullah - Maurice Bishop - Zhou Enlai - Salvador Allende - Dr. Kwame Nkrumah
Important places Sakhalin island - Moscow - Nakhodka Port - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Arkangelsk Navel base - Kalinningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory -Burevestnik Airport- Jüterbog Airfield - Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Kuril Islands - Berlin Wall - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Rybachy Peninsula - St. Petersburg‎ - Closed Soviet locations - Kaliningrad Oblast - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc -KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Systems of state repression What is a police state? - Státní bezpečnost/Štátna bezpečnosť (StB/ŠtB) - Committee for State Security (KGB) - Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye (GRU) - Stasi - Securitate -Gulag - Political disappearances - Berlin Wall - A Bulgarian umbrella assassination – Komitet za dǎržavna sigurnost (CSS) - Censorship East Germany - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
The political heretics who were

not really true communists

People's Republic of Albania - Mao Zedong - Enver Hoxha - Pol Pot - Nicolae Ceauşescu - Democratic Kampuchea - Khmer Rouge - The PRC - Communist Party of Kampuchea - The Shining Path - North Korea - Red Brigades (in Italy) - Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) - Daniel Ortega - Kim Il-Sung - People's Republic of China
The founding nations Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Transcaucasian SFSR - Bukharan People's Soviet Republic - Khorezm People's Soviet Republic - Tashkent Soviet -Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Bolshevik Party
Bolshevik\Soviet annexations Estonia (annexed) - Latvia (annexed) - Lithuania (annexed) - Kaliningrad Oblast (annexed) - Finnish Civil War (the Reds lost) - Mongolian People's Republic (annexation failed) - The Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Tuvan People's Republic (annexed) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - State of Buryat-Mongolia (annexed) - Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - Kronstadt Republic (crushed) - Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB) (crushed)- The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) (crushed)
Other former European, Central Asian

and Iranian puppet or client states

Litbell - Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) - Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic - Soviet Republic of Naissaar - Latvian SSR of 1919-1920 - The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) - Bolshavik Russia - Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic- West Ukrainian People's Republic - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - Hungarian Soviet Republic - People's State of Bavaria - Bavarian Soviet Republic - The Soviet Republic of Odessa - Kiev called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) - Petrograd Soviet - East Turkestan Republic (ETR) - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Soviet Republic of Gilan - Azerbaijan People's Government - Republic of Mahabad (1946) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Other stuff Life under communism - Sputnik 1- Khrushchyovka - When is not a Yugo to a Yugo? - Soviet Space Program - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars- Vietnam War - 1950–1953 Korean War - Family in the Soviet Union - Radio Moscow - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Soviet medals‎ - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros - The Agrokomerc Affair - Peruvian conflict - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement - Cambodian genocide - The Jewish Holocaust and Roma Porajmos in the Baltic states - Italian Communist Party -"Reds under the bed" - The Holodomor - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution - Sandinistas - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - Viet Cong - Pathet Lao - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - New Jewel Movement - The 'false' Cold War theory - All the Communist countries during the Cold War - People's Liberation Army (of China) - People's Republic of China
Latin American juntas and dictatorships! (1944-1992)
Operation Condor, Operation PBFortune

and other black-opps

Black-opps - Operation PBFortune - special-opps- Operation Condor- American collusion in Operation Condor- French collusion in Operation Condor- Argentina's "Dirty War" - Operation Soberanía - La Violencia - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - United States involvement in regime change in Latin America - 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état - United States invasion of Panama - Panamanian 'Dignity Battalions' - Port Belgrano Naval Base
Systems of state repression The "La Técnica" torture center - Vill Gremadi Detention Center - Dirección Nacional de Asuntos Técnicos - Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) - Panamanian 'Dignity Battalions' - Death flight - Political disappearances
The ones who tried to get nukes Brazil (failed) - Chile (failed) - Argentina (failed) - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis
Economics Paving the Quito-Tulcán road in the early 1970s - Argentine Cold War era hyper inflation- Brazil's development of the Amazon region in the 1970s- Transamazon Highway (BR-230) (the 1970s part)
Politics and Geo-politics Falklands sovereignty dispute - 1982 Falklands War - Cold War - Operation Soberanía - Beagle conflict - Snipe incident - United States invasion of Panama - 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties
Technology Alacrán (Condor IAIII) missile - The Condor and Alacrán missile programs - El Torero Enojado (fake aircraft) - FMA IA 58 Pucará - FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II
People General Augusto Pinochet - Alfredo Stroessner - Jorge Rafael Videla - Guillermo Rodríguez (politician) - Leopoldo Galtieri - Juan Domingo Perón -Gustavo Rojas Pinilla- Luis García Meza Tejada - Juan María Bordaberry - Marcos Pérez Jiménez - Manuel Apolinario Odría - João Goulart -Dwight D. Eisenhower - Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno - Anastasio Somoza García - Rafael Trujillo - Fulgencio Batista - Fidel Castro - Carlos Castillo Armas - Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes - Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North - Omar Torrijos - Anastasio Somoza Debayle - Luis Somoza Debayle - General Oswaldo López Arellano - (General Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García - General Romeo Lucas García - General Carlos Humberto Romero
Important places The "La Técnica" torture center - Vill Gremadi Detention Center - Port Belgrano Naval Base
Wars and civil wars Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - Contras - Sandinistas - Operation Soberanía - Argentina's "Dirty War" - 1982 Falklands War - Operation Soberanía - Beagle conflict - Snipe incident - La guerra del fútbol - Guatemalan Civil War - Salvadoran Civil War - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution
Other stuff 601 Commando Company - 602 Commando Company - 601 Air Assault Regiment - 5th Marine Battalion (Argentina) - Guatemalan genocide against the Maya - Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation

Sources[]

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_peace_process
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Colombia
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_conflict#Background
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  6. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/colombian-congress-approves-historic-peace-deal/2016/11/30/9b2fda92-b5a7-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html
  7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fworld%2fthe_americas%2fcolombian-congress-approves-historic-peace-deal%2f2016%2f11%2f30%2f9b2fda92-b5a7-11e6-939c-91749443c5e5_story.html
  8. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-38096179 #https://web.archive.org/web/20141019043828/http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/HGC.pdf
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  11. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2010/1025/Medellin-once-epicenter-of-Colombia-s-drug-war-fights-to-keep-the-peace
  12. https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2020/1110/Why-Trump-decision-to-block-Biden-transition-matters
  13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_conflict#Background
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  15. https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215054/http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/informeGeneral/estadisticas.html
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  17. https://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/
  18. https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/como-acabo-cartel/94004-3/
  19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norte_del_Valle_Cartel
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  21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia
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  23. https://time.com/3968918/when-chemotherapy-does-more-harm-than-good/
  24. http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/HGC.pdf
  25. https://web.archive.org/web/20141019043828/http://www.ecsbdefesa.com.br/defesa/fts/HGC.pdf
  26. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla#Presidency
  27. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia
  28. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia
  29. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia
  30. https://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/latin-america-caribbean/andes/colombia/041-dismantling-colombias-new-illegal-armed-groups-lessons-from-a-surrender.aspx
  31. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Colombia
  32. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP84B00049R000902340022-5.pdf
  33. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/sep/22/colombia-cocaine-farc
  34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine#Discovery
  35. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_conflict
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  39. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-50409431
  40. https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2018/03/06/overdiagnosis-when-finding-cancer-can-do-more-harm-than-good/
  41. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party
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  44. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_armed_conflict
  45. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia
  46. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca
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  48. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquetalia_Republic
  49. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America
  50. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_FARC
  51. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cali_explosion
  52. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Party_(Colombia)
  53. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party
  54. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_drugs#19th_century
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