Czechoslovakia

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Military parade in Prague, Czech Republic as the 90th anniversary of independence of the Czechoslovakia. 120 mm samohybný minomet PRAM. Author: Chmee2

Military parade in Prague, Czech Republic as the 90th anniversary of independence of the Czechoslovakia. 120 mm samohybný minomet PRAM. Author: Chmee2.

Tatra_T3_Tram_-_The_Eastern_Bloc’s_Most_Iconic_Vehicle — Tatra T3 Tram - The Eastern Bloc’s Most Iconic Vehicle

The Tatra T3 Tram - The Eastern Bloc’s most iconic vehicle.

Overview[]

Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia /ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə, -kə-, -slə-, -ˈvɑː-/ (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

The Republic of Czechoslovakia (1918-1938) was a republic in Eastern Europe.
The Czecho-Slovak Republic (1938-1939) was a state in Eastern Europe.
The Czechoslovak Republic (1945-1948) was a republic in Eastern Europe.
The Czechoslovak Republic (1948-1960) was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, in Eastern Europe.
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960-1969) was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, in Eastern Europe.
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1969-1993) was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, in Eastern Europe, until 1991.

History[]

WW1[]

Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. It contained Czechs, Slovaks, Germans, Hungarians and Ruthinians.

WW2[]

Nazi Germany had conquered the Czech lands in WW2 and killed tens of thousands of Czechs, Romani and Jews. It was liberated by the USSR in 1945. It became the Czech Socialist Republic during the Cold War. The Czechs and Slovaks then expelled all the Germans and most of the Hungarians shortly after the was was over in revenge for their collaboration with the Axis forces.

Cold War[]

Following the coup d'état of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the backing of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a people's republic after the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic) was changed on 11 July 1960 following implementation of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia as a symbol of the "final victory of socialism" in the country, and remained so until the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia. Several other state symbols were changed in 1960. The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czech/Slovak: Československá socialistická republika, ČSSR) was the official name of Czechoslovakia from 11 July 1960 until following the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the name was changed on 23 April 1990. It has been regarded as a satellite state of the Soviet Union.

The Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic were republics within Czechoslovakia that are the current Czech Republic and Slovakia. The name was used from 1 January 1969 to March 1990. It became the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–93).

Modern times[]

The Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1990-1993) was a federal republic consisting of the Czech and Slovak constituent republics. In 1993 the Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia became independent states and the federation was dissolved.

By 1992, Slovak calls for greater autonomy effectively blocked the daily functioning of the federal government. In the election of June 1992, Klaus's Civic Democratic Party won handily in the Czech lands on a platform of economic reform. Vladimir Meciar's Movement for a Democratic Slovakia emerged as the leading party in Slovakia, basing its appeal on fairness to Slovak demands for autonomy. Federalists, like Havel, were unable to contain the trend toward the split. In July 1992, President Havel resigned. In the latter half of 1992, Klaus and Meciar hammered out an agreement that the two republics would go their separate ways by the end of the year.

Members of the federal parliament, divided along national lines, barely cooperated enough to pass the law officially separating the two nations. The law was passed on December 27, 1992. On January 1, 1993, the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia were simultaneously and peacefully founded and the Czech Socialist Republic broke up in 1993 and became the democratic Czech Republic and authoritarian Slovak Republic.

Relationships between the two states, despite occasional disputes about the division of federal property and governing of the border, have been peaceful. Both states attained immediate recognition from the United States and their European neighbours.

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