Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis

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Overview

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Fascists core values

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Clerical Fascists core values

Clerical fascism (also clero-fascism or clerico-fascism) is an ideology that combines both the political and economic doctrines of fascism with clericalism, i.e. a specific religious tradition. The term has been used to describe organizations and movements that combine religious elements with fascism, support by religious organizations for fascism, or fascist regimes in which clergy play a leading role.

Secterianism and inter-religious conflict has played a major role in several crisis and wars, such as The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

Nazi core values

The Nazis' 12 Core values are:

1. A disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system
2. antisemitism,
3. scientific racism,
4. eugenics
5. Extreme nationalism, Pan-Germanism\White supremasisum and the Völkisch movement
6. it was strongly influenced by the anti-Communist Freikorps paramilitary
7. cult of violence
8. racial hierarchy
9. Social Darwinism,
10. Germans are to be concidered a part of what the Nazis regarded as an Aryan (Greeks, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germans. Iranians, Indo-Aryans, Scythians, Balts, Celts and Slavs, etc) or Nordic master race (Generaly concidered to be in Scandinavia, Northwestern Europe, Icelnd, the Fearo Islands and countries surrounding the Baltic Sea, such as Germans and Finnic peoples.).
11. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans living in historically German territory, as well as gain additional lands for German expansion under the doctrine of Lebensraum and exclude those who they deemed either community aliens or "inferior" races.
12. society was to subordinate their personal interests to the "common good", accepting political interests as the main priority of economic organization.

Fascists

Portugal's Estado Novo

The Estado Novo (Portuguese pronunciation: [(ɨ)ʃˈtadu, -ðu ˈnovu], "New State"), or The Second Republic, was the corporatist authoritarian regime installed in Portugal in 1933, often considered to be fascist. It evolved from the Ditadura Nacional formed after the coup d'état of 28 May 1926 against the democratic and unstable First Republic. Together, the Ditadura Nacional and Estado Novo are recognised as the Second Portuguese Republic. The Estado Novo, greatly inspired by conservative and authoritarian ideologies, was developed by the politician António de Oliveira Salazar, ruler of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when he fell ill and was replaced by Marcelo Caetano.

Opposed to communism, socialism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was corporatist, conservative, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal as Catholic. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinental nation under the doctrine of lusotropicalism, with Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories as extensions of Portugal itself, and it being a supposed source of civilization and stability to the overseas societies in the African and Asian possessions. Under Estado Novo, Portugal tried to perpetuate a vast, centuries-old empire with a total area of 2,168,071 square kilometres (837,097 sq mi), while other former colonial powers had largely already acceded to global calls for self-determination and independence.

Portugal joined the United Nations (UN) in 1955, and was a founding member of NATO (1949), OECD (1961), and EFTA (1960). In 1968 Marcelo Caetano was appointed the new head of government. On 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, a military coup organized by left-wing Portuguese military officers – the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) – overthrew the Estado Novo regime. Fiercely criticized by most of the international community after World War II and decolonization, it was one of the longest-surviving right-wing regimes in Europe.

Although the Estado Novo is often criticised for its authoritarianism, the republic saw several notable social and economic improvements, especially in the era between 1960 and the 1974 revolution, as was happening across much of western Europe around that time. This included increases in public health and education levels. In a parallel to Francoist Spain, from the 1960s the government was largely technocratic in nature, with a fast-growing economy leading to increases in standards of living and quality of life. Salazar was voted "The Greatest Portuguese" in a 2007 public poll. However, a simultaneous opinion poll conducted by Marktest showed that, given the choice of the finalists, Salazar was the favourite of only 11%. RTP itself commissioned a simultaneous poll, conducted by Eurosondagem, which ranked Salazar 7th, with 6.6% of the vote, and Afonso I 1st with 21%.

British National Party\National Front

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English (and Scottish) Defence League

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The then fascist inclined armed forces charity Help for Heroes announced that it would not accept donations from the far-right English Defence League on May 26, 2013.

Cold War era South America dictatorships

• For more on S. American military dictators like gem. Pinochet, see Militarism.

Clerical (religious\sectarian) fascists

First Slovak Republic

The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovak: [prvá] Slovenská republika) otherwise known as The Slovak State (Slovak: Slovenský štát) was a client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945. It controlled the majority of the territory of present-day Slovakia, but without its current southern and eastern parts, which had been ceded to Hungary in 1938. The Republic bordered Germany, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Poland – and subsequently the General Government (German-occupied remnant of Poland) – and Hungary.

Germany recognized the Slovak State, as did several other states, including the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, Croatia, El Salvador, Estonia, Italy, Hungary, Japan, Lithuania, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Romania, the Soviet Union, Spain, Switzerland, and the Vatican City. The majority of the Allies of World War II never recognized the existence of Slovak state. The only exception was Soviet Union who nullified its recognition after Slovakia joined the invasion in 1941.

After the Munich Agreement, Slovakia gained autonomy inside Czecho-Slovakia (as the former Czechoslovakia had been renamed) and lost its southern territories to Hungary under the First Vienna Award. As Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler was preparing a mobilization into Czech lands and creation of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, he had various plans for Slovakia. German officials were initially misinformed by the Hungarians that the Slovaks wanted to join Hungary. Germany decided to make Slovakia a separate state under the influence of Germany, and a potential strategic base for German attacks on Poland and other regions.

On 13 March 1939, Hitler invited Monsignor Jozef Tiso (the Slovak ex-prime minister who had been deposed by Czechoslovak troops several days earlier) to Berlin and urged him to proclaim Slovakia's independence. Hitler added that if Tiso did not consent, he would have no interest in Slovakia's fate and would leave it to the territorial claims of Hungary and of Poland. During the meeting, Joachim von Ribbentrop passed on a report allegedly saying that Hungarian troops were approaching Slovak borders. Tiso refused to make such a decision himself, after which he was allowed by Hitler to organize a meeting of the Slovak parliament ("Diet of the Slovak Land"), which would approve Slovakia's independence.

On 14 March, the Slovak parliament convened and heard Tiso's report on his discussion with Hitler as well as a declaration of independence. Some of the deputies were skeptical of making such a move, but the debate was quickly quashed when Franz Karmasin, leader of the German minority in Slovakia, said that any delay in declaring independence would result in Slovakia being divided between Hungary and Germany. Under these circumstances, Parliament unanimously declared Slovak independence. Jozef Tiso was appointed the first Prime Minister of the new republic. The next day, Tiso sent a telegram (which had actually been composed the previous day in Berlin) asking the Reich to take over the protection of the newly minted state. The request was readily accepted.

Lord's Resistance Army

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), also known as the Lord's Resistance Movement, is a rebel group and heterodox Christian cult which operates in northern Uganda, South Sudan, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Originally known as the United Holy Salvation Army and Uganda Christian Army/Movement, its stated goals include establishment of multi-party democracy, ruling Uganda according to the Ten Commandments, and Acholi nationalism, though in practice "the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this". It appears to largely function as a personality cult of its leader Joseph Kony, a self-declared prophet whose leadership has earned him the nickname "Africa's David Koresh".

The LRA was listed as a terrorist group by the United States, though it has since been removed from the list of designated active terrorist groups. It has been accused of widespread human rights violations, including murder, abduction, mutilation, child-sex slavery, and forcing children to participate in hostilities.

Part of the structural causes of the LRA conflict has been explained as rooted in the "diversity of ethnic groups which were at different levels of socio-economic development and political organization".

This has led to ethnic strife. Enemy images have instilled insensitivity to the extent that people perceived as enemies can be construed and ignored as inconsequential. A former Cabinet minister who was a key figure in the Presidential Peace Team while addressing elders in Lango on the atrocities committed by the NRA in the northern districts of Gulu, Kitgum, Lira, Apac and Teso, warned them that "they did not matter as long as the south was stable".

This sense of betrayal on the northerners has festered into a groundswell of mistrust by the population against virtually any overtures from the government to the rebels.

This cynical strategy, some argue, was deeply rooted and employed in Luwero triangle by the NRM/A rebels during their five-year-bush war in order to garner popular support, while in essence their real underlying drive was "unique greed for absolute political power" in total abhorrence of democratic means.

The LRA's ideology is disputed among academics. Although the LRA has been regarded primarily as a Christian militia, the LRA reportedly evokes Acholi nationalism on occasion, but many observers doubt the sincerity of this behaviour and the loyalty of Kony to either ideology.

Robert Gersony, in a report funded by United States Embassy in Kampala in 1997, concluded that

"the LRA has no political program or ideology, at least none that the local population has heard or can understand."

The International Crisis Group has stated that

"the LRA is not motivated by any identifiable political agenda, and its military strategy and tactics reflect this."

IRIN comments that "the LRA remains one of the least understood rebel movements in the world, and its ideology, as far as it has one, is difficult to understand." During an interview with IRIN, the LRA commander Vincent Otti was asked about the LRA's vision of an ideal government, to which he responded:

"Lord’s Resistance Army is just the name of the movement, because we are fighting in the name of God. God is the one helping us in the bush. That’s why we created this name, Lord’s Resistance Army. And people always ask us, are we fighting for the Ten Commandments of God. That is true – because the Ten Commandments of God is the constitution that God has given to the people of the world. All people. If you go to the constitution, nobody will accept people who steal, nobody could accept to go and take somebody’s wife, nobody could accept to kill the innocent, or whatever. The Ten Commandments carries all this.

In a speech delivered by James Alfred Obita, former secretary for external affairs and mobilisation of the Lord's Resistance Army, he adamantly denied that the LRA was "just an Acholi thing" and stated that claims made by the media and Museveni administration asserting that the LRA is a "group of Christian fundamentalists with bizarre beliefs whose aim is to topple the Museveni regime and replace it with governance based on the Bible's ten commandments" were false. In the same speech, Obita also claimed that the LRA's objectives are:

1. To fight for the immediate restoration of competitive multi-party democracy in Uganda.
2. To see an end to gross violation of human rights and dignity of Ugandans.
3. To ensure the restoration of peace and security in Uganda.
4. To ensure unity, sovereignty and economic prosperity beneficial to all Ugandans.
5. To bring to an end to the repressive policy of deliberate marginalization of groups of people who may not agree with the National Resistance Army's ideology.

The original aims of the group were more closely aligned with those of its predecessor, the Holy Spirit Movement. Protection of the Acholi population was of great concern because of the reality of ethnic purges in the history of Uganda. This created a great deal of concern in the Acholi community as well as a strong desire for formidable leadership and protection. As the conflict has progressed, fewer and fewer Acholi offered sufficient support to the rebels in the eyes of the LRA. This led to an increased amount of violence toward the non-combatant population, which in turn further alienated them from the rebels. This self-perpetuating cycle led to the creation of a strict divide between Acholis and rebels, a divide that was previously not explicitly present.

Religious Zionism

Zionism (Hebrew: צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut IPA: [t͡sijo̞ˈnut] after Zion) is a nationalist political movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Palestine, Canaan or the Holy Land). Zionism emerged in the late 19th century in Central and Eastern Europe as a national revival movement, in reaction to anti-Semitic and exclusionary nationalist movements in Europe. Soon after this, most leaders of the movement associated the main goal with creating the desired state in Palestine, then an area controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

Religious Zionism is an ideology that combines Zionism and observant Judaism. Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Religious Zionists were mainly observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to build a Jewish state in the Land of Israel.

After the Six-Day War and the capture of the West Bank, a territory referred to in Jewish terms as Judea and Samaria, right-wing components of the Religious Zionist movement integrated nationalist re-vindication and evolved into Neo-Zionism. Their ideology revolves around three pillars: the Land of Israel, the People of Israel and the Torah of Israel.

ISIS Jihadi suicide bombers\terrorists

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Nazis

Germanic Nazis

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Independent State of Croatia (1941-45)

The Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; German: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; Italian: Stato Indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II puppet state of Germany and Italy. It was established in parts of occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, after the invasion by the Axis powers. Its territory consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia.

During its entire existence, the state was governed by the violent fascist Ustaše movement and its Poglavnik, Ante Pavelić. The regime targeted Serbs, Jews and Roma as part of a large-scale genocide campaign, as well as anti-fascist or dissident Croats and Muslims. Between 1941–45, 22 concentration camps existed inside the territory controlled by the Independent State of Croatia, two of which (Jastrebarsko and Sisak) housed only children and the largest of which was Jasenovac.

The state was officially a monarchy after the signing of the Laws of the Crown of Zvonimir on 15 March 1941. Appointed by Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta initially refused to assume the crown in opposition to the Italian annexation of the Croat-majority populated region of Dalmatia, annexed as part of the Italian irredentist agenda of creating a Mare Nostrum ("Our Sea"). He later accepted the throne due to pressure from Victor Emmanuel III and was titled Tomislav II of Croatia, but never moved from Italy to reside in Croatia.

From the signing of the Treaties of Rome on 18 May 1941 until the Italian capitulation on 8 September 1943, the state was a territorial condominium of Germany and Italy and an Italian protectorate. In its judgment in the Hostages Trial, the Nuremberg Military Tribunal concluded that NDH was not a sovereign state. According to the Tribunal, "Croatia was at all times here involved an occupied country".

In 1942, Germany suggested Italy take military control of all of Croatia out of a desire to redirect German troops from Croatia to the Eastern Front. Italy however rejected the offer as it did not believe that it could handle the unstable situation in the Balkans alone. After the ousting of Mussolini and the Kingdom of Italy's armistice with the Allies, the NDH on 10 September 1943 declared that the Treaties of Rome were null and void and annexed the portion of Dalmatia that had been ceded to Italy. The NDH attempted to annex Zara, which had been a recognized territory of Italy since 1919, but long an object of Croatian irredentism, and so Germany did not allow it.

14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galizien

The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) (German: 14. Waffen Grenadier Division der SS (galizische Nr.1), Ukrainian: 14а Гренадерська Дивізія СС (1а галицька)), prior to 1944 titled the 14th SS-Volunteer Division "Galicia" (German: 14. SS-Freiwilligen Division "Galizien", Ukrainian: 14а Добровільна Дивізія СС "Галичина") was a World War II German military formation initially made up of volunteers from the region of Galicia with a Ukrainian ethnic background but later also incorporated Slovaks, Czechs and Dutch volunteers and officers. Formed in 1943, it was largely destroyed in the battle of Brody, reformed, and saw action in Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria before being renamed the first division of the Ukrainian National Army and surrendering to the Western Allies by 10 May 1945.

After World War I and the dissolution of Austria–Hungary, the territory of Eastern Galicia (Halychyna), populated by a Ukrainian majority but with a large Polish minority, was incorporated into Poland following the Polish–Ukrainian War. Between the wars, the political allegiances of Ukrainians in eastern Galicia were divided between moderate national democrats and the more radical Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The latter group itself splintered into two factions, the more moderate OUN-M led by Andriy Melnyk with close ties to German intelligence (Abwehr), and the more radical OUN-B led by Stepan Bandera. When Poland was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union under the terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, the territory of eastern Galicia was annexed to Soviet Ukraine. In 1941 it was occupied by Germany.

Ukrainian leaders of various political persuasions recognised the need for a trained armed force. The Germans had earlier considered the formation of an armed force made up of Slavic people, but they decided this to be unacceptable as they regarded Slavs as sub-humans (untermenschen) compared to the Germanic ubermenschen master race. At the beginning of 1943, growing losses inclined Nazi leaders to alter their initial opinions.

The creation of foreign SS units had been carried out previously in the name of fighting against communism; with French, Dutch, Latvian, Estonian, Croatian, and Belarusian units, among others, had been created. The creation of a Ukrainian SS division was perceived by many in Ukraine as a step towards the attainment of Ukrainian independence and attracted many volunteers. The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS Galizien (1st Galician\Halychyna\Ukrainian Division) was horrific in nature to its opponents. The Division enjoyed support from multiple political and religious groups within the western Ukrainian community. The Division's prime organizer and highest ranking Ukrainian officer, Dmytro Paliiv, had been the leader of a small legal political party in the Second Polish Republic. Many of his colleagues had been members of the pre-war moderate, left-leaning democratic UNDO movement that before the war had also been opposed to the authoritarian Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. The Division also obtained moral support from officers of the exiled Polish-allied Ukrainian National Republic such as General Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko. The Division was also strongly supported by Andriy Melnyk's moderate faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, who saw it as a counterweight to the extremist Banderist-dominated UPA.

The Bandera faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN-B) strongly opposed the idea of creating the division, in part because it was an organization outside its control, and claimed in its propaganda that the division was to be used by the Germans as cannon fodder. Nevertheless, it did not interfere in its formation and once the division was formed it sent some of its members, a number of whom would obtain prominent positions, into the division in order for them to gain military training and to prevent it from completely getting out of their hands. Despite this infiltration, Bandera's OUN failed to gain control over the division.

It also had the support of both the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. Among its members was a son of Mstyslav Skrypnyk, the Orthodox Bishop of Kiev.

Arajs Kommando

Overview

The Arajs Kommando (also: Sonderkommando Arajs), led by SS-Sturmbannführer Viktors Arājs, was a unit of Latvian Auxiliary Police (German: Lettische Hilfspolizei) subordinated to the Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (SD). It was one of the more well-known and notorious killing units during the Holocaust. It alone killed around 26,000 Jews. It was a unit of the Latvian Auxiliary Police (German: Lettische Hilfspolizei) and was legally subordinated to the Nazi SD. It was one of the more well-known, notorious and ruthless Nazi killing units during the Holocaust.

This particular 'Auxiliary Police' group, composed of Latvian men, made contact with the leader of Nazi Germany's Einsatzgruppe A, Walter Stahlecker, in early July 1941, immediately following the German capture of Riga. All of the Arajs Kommando members were volunteers, and free to leave at any time.

The unit numbered about 300-500 men during the period that it participated in the killing of the Latvian Jewish population, and reached up to 1500 members at its peak at the height of its involvement in anti-partisan operations in 1942.

Formation

After the entry of the Einsatzkommando into the Latvian capital contact between Viktors Arājs and Brigadeführer Walter Stahlecker was established on 1 July 1941. Stahlecker instructed Arājs to set up a commando that obtained an official name Latvian Auxiliary Security Police or Arajs Kommando. The group was composed of students and former officers of far-right wing orientation. All of the Arajs Kommando members were volunteers, and free to leave at any time. The following day on 2 July, Stahlecker revealed to Arājs that his commando had to unleash a pogrom that looked spontaneous.

The Nazis Germany forcibly conscripted many of Latvia's inhabitants in their armed forces. During World War II more than 200,000 Latvian soldiers ended up in the enemy forces; approximately 100,000 were killed in combat. In 1943-1944, two divisions of Waffen SS were formed, largely from ex-Latvian soldiers, along with political agitators, and forcibly conscripted individuals, to fight the Soviet army and lost after heavy fighting in 1944.

History

The Arajs Kommando unit actively participated in a variety of Nazi atrocities, including the killing of Jews, Roma, and mental patients, as well as punitive actions and massacres of civilians along Latvia's eastern border with the Soviet Union. The Kommando killed around 26,000 Jews in total. Most notably, the unit took part in the mass execution of Jews from the Riga ghetto, and several thousand Jews deported from Germany, in the Rumbula massacre of November 30 and December 8, 1941. Some of the commando's men also served as guards at the Salaspils concentration camp.

Immediately after the Germans took over in July 1941, the racial persecution of the Jewish and Roma population began. Major arbitary killings took place at Rumbula and elsewhere. The killings were committed by the Einsatzgruppe A, The Arajs Kommando and the Wehrmacht amongst others. The Latvian collaborators, including the 500–1,500 members of the Arājs Commando and the Latvian members of the SD, were also involved. As of the end of 1941, virtually all of Latvia's Jews exterminated. About 25,000 Jews were also brought from Germany, Austria and the present-day Czech Republic, of whom around 20,000 were killed in Latvian camps.

The Soviet Union conscripted into its army serving sections of independent Latvia's military units, as well as those Latvians who had ended up in Russia as a result of previous wars or had originally been born and lived there since.

The Arajs Kommando unit actively participated in a variety of Nazi war-crimes, including the killing of Jews, Roma and mental patients, as well as various punitive actions and massacres against civilians mostly along Latvia's eastern border with the Soviet Union. The Kommando killed around 26,000 Jews in total, such as at the Riga ghetto and several thousand Jews deported in from Germany, at Rumbula on November 30 and December 8, 1941.

As can be seen in contemporary Nazi-era newsreels, which were part of a documentation propaganda campaign to create the image that the Holocaust in the Baltics was only a local phenomenon, not as a Nazi-directed and incited activity, the Arajs Kommando figured prominently and were involved in the burning of Riga's Great (Choral) Synagogue on 4 July 1941.

Some of Arājs's men also served as guards at the Salaspils concentration camp.

Commemoration of the burning of Riga's Great (Choral) Synagogue has been chosen for marking Holocaust Memorial Day in present-day Latvia.

As can be seen in contemporary Nazi newsreels—part of a documentation campaign to create the image that the Holocaust in the Baltics was a local, and not Nazi-directed activity—the Arajs Kommando figured prominently in the burning of Riga's Great (Choral) Synagogue on 4 July 1941. Commemoration of this event has been chosen for marking Holocaust Memorial Day in present-day Latvia.

Membership

The unit numbered about 300–500 men during the period that it participated in the killing of the Latvian Jewish population, and reached up to 1500 members at its peak at the height of its involvement in anti-partisan operations in 1942. In the final phases of the war, the unit was disbanded and its personnel transferred to the Latvian Legion.

After successfully hiding in West Germany for several decades after the war, Viktors Arājs was eventually arrested, tried and imprisoned for his crimes. Many have been liquidated, jailed or executed over the years.

America's Aryan Nation

Overview

Aryan Nations is a white supremacy|white supremacist (self described White Christian Separatist) religious organization originally based in Hayden, Idaho. Richard Girnt Butler founded the group in the 1970s, as an arm of the Christian Identity organization Church of Jesus Christ–Christian. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has called Aryan Nations a "terrorist threat", and the RAND Corporation has called it the "first truly nationwide terrorist network" in the United States.

History

The origin of Aryan Nations is in the teachings of Wesley A. Swift, a significant figure in the early Christian Identity movement. Swift combined British Israelism, extreme antisemitism and political militancy. He founded his own church in California in the mid-1940s, and he had a daily radio broadcast in California during the 1950s and 1960s. In 1957, the name of his church was changed to the Church of Jesus Christ-Christian, which is used today by Aryan Nations churches.

From the late 1970s until 2001, the Aryan Nations headquarters was located in a 20-acre (8.1 ha) compound 1.8 miles (3 km) north of Hayden, Idaho. There were a number of state chapters, only loosely tied to the main organization. The group ran an annual World Congress of Aryan Nations at Hayden Lake for Aryan Nations members and for members of similar groups.

Until 1998, the leadership of Aryan Nations remained firmly in the hands of Richard Girnt Butler. By that time he was over 80 years old and had been in poor health for some time. At the annual Aryan Nations World Congress, Neuman Britton was appointed as the group's new leader. In August 2001, however, Butler appointed Harold Ray Redfeairn from Ohio, who had been agitating for control since the mid-1990s. Previously, Redfeairn brought in Dave Hall, a Federal Bureau of Investigation informant who exposed the group's illegal activities. Afterwards, Redfeairn was distrusted by some in the group. Redfeairn and August Kreis III, propaganda minister of Aryan Nations, formed a splinter group, and as a result they were expelled from the organization by Butler. A few months later, Redfeairn returned to form an alliance with Butler. Butler's World Congress in 2002 drew fewer than 100 people, and when he ran for mayor, he lost, garnering only 50 votes against over 2100 votes. Redfeairn died in October 2003, and Butler died of heart failure in September 2004. At the time of Butler's death, Aryan Nations had about 200 members actively participating in the group.

Policies

• Neo-Confederatenism
• White supremacy
• White nationalism
• Nativism
• Anti-immigration
• Anti-communism
• Anti-Catholicism
• Antisemitism
• Homophobism
• Christian Identity
• Neo-fascism
• Neo-Nazism

Hungary's Arrow Cross Government

Overview

The Arrow Cross Party (Hungarian: Nyilaskeresztes Párt – Hungarista Mozgalom, literally "Arrow Cross Party-Hungarist Movement") was a national socialist party led by Ferenc Szálasi, which led a government in Hungary known as the Government of National Unity from 15 October 1944 to 28 March 1945. During its short rule, ten to fifteen thousand civilians (many of whom were Jews, or Romani) were murdered outright, and 80,000 people were deported from Hungary to various camps in Austria. After the war, Szálasi and other Arrow Cross leaders were tried as war criminals by Hungarian courts.

The party was founded by Ferenc Szálasi in 1935 as the Party of National Will. It had its origins in the political philosophy of pro-German extremists such as Gyula Gömbös, who famously coined the term "national socialism" in the 1920s. The party was outlawed in 1937 but was reconstituted in 1939 as the Arrow Cross Party, and was said to be modeled fairly explicitly on the Nazi Party of Germany, although Szálasi often and harshly criticized the Nazi regime of Germany. The iconography of the party was clearly inspired by that of the Nazis; the Arrow Cross emblem was an ancient symbol of the Magyar tribes who settled Hungary, thereby suggesting the racial purity of the Hungarians in much the same way that the Nazi swastika was intended to allude to the racial purity of the Aryans. The Arrow Cross symbol also referred to the desire to nullify the Treaty of Trianon, and expand the Hungarian state in all cardinal directions towards the former borders of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Ideology

The party's ideology was similar to that of German National Socialism, although a more accurate comparison might be drawn between Austrofascism and Hungarian turanist fascism which was called Hungarism by Ferenc Szálasi – extreme nationalism, the promotion of agriculture, anti-capitalism, anticommunism and militant anti-Semitism. The party and its leader were originally anti-German, so it was a long and very difficult process for Hitler to compromise with Szálasi and his party. The Arrow Cross Party conceived Jews in racial as well as religious terms. Thus, although the Arrow Cross Party was certainly far more racist than the Horthy regime, it was still very different from the German Nazi Party. The Arrow Cross Party was pro-Catholic and its antisemitism had its origins in the traditional anti-Semitism of the Catholic church. It was also more economically radical than other fascist movements, advocating worker rights and land reforms.

Millennial fachisum

Alternative für Deutschland

Overview

The Alternative for Germany (German: Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a right-wing populist and Eurosceptic political party in Germany.

Founded in April 2013, the party won 4.7% of the votes in the 2013 federal election, narrowly missing the 5% electoral threshold to sit in the Bundestag. In 2014 the party won 7.1% of the votes and seven out of 96 German seats in the European election, and subsequently joined the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group until its exclusion in April 2016. As of September 2016 the AfD had gained representation in ten of the 16 German state parliaments. The party is currently led by Frauke Petry and Jörg Meuthen.

At the outset AfD presented itself as conservative and middle-class, catering to a well-educated demographic as more than two-thirds of its initial supporters held doctorates, giving it the nickname the "professors' party". The party was described as professors and academics who dislike the compromises inflicted on their purist theories by German party politics. 86% of the party's initial supporters were male.

Because the 2013 federal election was the first fought by the party, the AfD had not received any federal funds in the run-up to it, but after receiving two million votes it crossed the threshold for party funding and was expected to receive an estimated 1.3 to 1.5 million Euro per year of state subsidies.

The AfD held a party conference on 25 January 2014 at F.a.n. Frankenstolz Arena, Aschaffenburg, northwest Bavaria. The conference chose the slogan Mut zu Deutschland ("Courage [to stand up] for Germany") to replace the former slogan Mut zur Wahrheit (lit. "Courage [to speak] the truth" or, more succinctly, "Telling it as it is"), which prompted disagreement among the federal board that the party could be seen as too anti-European. Eventually a compromise was reached by using the slogan "MUT ZU D*EU*TSCHLAND, with the "EU" in "DEUTSCHLAND" encircled by the 12 stars of the EU's Flag of Europe.

UKIP and the AfD were at first classified as a populist and pro-democracy conservative movement, but the recent swing to the right by UKIP had lead to there reclassification as far-right poularists as of about 2013-2014. The AfD faced a similar reclassification a year later.

By May 2015, the party became polarized into two factions, one centered around Lucke and his core economic policies and another group led by Petry, which favored an anti-immigration approach. The result was a split of Lucke's fraction leaving to found a new party: the Alliance for Progress and Renewal.

Political Classification

UKIP and the AfD were at first classified as a populist and pro-democracy conservative movement, but the recent swing to the right by UKIP had lead to there reclassification as far-right poularists as of about 2013-2014. The AfD faced a similar reclasification a year later.

Ideology and policies

The AfD was founded as a politically center-right conservative party of the middle class with a basis on 'soft' Euroscepticism, being generally supportive of Germany's membership of the European Union but critical of further European integration, the existence of the Euro currency, and the bailouts by the eurozone for countries such as Greece. The party also advocated support for Swiss-style direct democracy, dissolution of the Eurozone, opposition to immigration, and opposed gay marriage.

Political extremes

Alternative for Germany party organisers have been sending out the message that they are not trying to attract right-wing radicals. The AfD check applicants for membership to exclude far-right and former National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) members who support the anti-Euro policy (as other mainstream German political parties do). The party toned down rhetoric on their Facebook page following media allegations that it too closely evoked the language of the far-right. Former party chairman Bernd Lucke initially defended the choice of words, citing freedom of opinion, and a right to use "strong words", meanwhile he has also said that "The applause is coming from the wrong side" in regards to praise his party gained from the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD). Outside the Berlin hotel where the party held its inaugural meeting, it has been alleged that copies of Junge Freiheit, a weekly that is also popular with the far-right were being handed out. The Rheinische Post pointed out that some AfD members and supporters write for the conservative paper Junge Freiheit. There was also a protest outside the venue of the party’s inaugural meeting by Andreas Storr, an NPD representative in the Landtag of Saxony, as the NPD sees the AfD as a rival for Eurosceptic votes.

An investigation conducted by the internet social analytic company Linkfluence showed little to no similarities in Facebook likes of AfD followers and those of the NPD supporter base.

Family and equal opportunities

According to its interim electoral manifesto, the party wants to reintroduce the traditional family patterns.

Environment

The party denies anthropogenic factors in the role of global warming. Therefore the party criticizes the energy transformation policies (Energiewende) in Germany; for instance, the party wants to stop "uncontrolled expansion of wind energy".

Conscription

AfD wants a reinstatement of conscription, starting for men at the age of 18.

Jobbik

Overview

Jobbik, the Movement for a Better Hungary (Hungarian: Jobbik Magyarországért Mozgalom), commonly known as Jobbik (pronounced [ˈjobːik]), is a Hungarian radical nationalist political party. The party describes itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests." After the Hungarian parliamentary elections on 6 April 2014, the party polled 1,020,476 votes, securing 20.54% of the total, making them Hungary's third largest party in the National Assembly.

Party name

The Movement for a Better Hungary more commonly goes under its abbreviated name Jobbik (pronounced [ˈjobːik]), which is in fact a play on words. The word jobb in Hungarian has two meanings, the adjective for "better" and the direction "right"; the comparative Jobbik therefore means both "the more preferable choice" and "more to the right". This is similar to the English phrase "right choice", which could mean both "a choice on the right side of the political spectrum" and "a correct choice".

Platform and ideology

The party describes itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests". Jobbik's ideology has been described by political scholars as right-wing populist, whose strategy "relies on a combination of ethno-nationalism with anti-elitist populist rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions".

For its part, Jobbik rejects the common classification of the political spectrum in left and right. It prefers a distinction of political parties based on their stance towards globalisation. On this scheme, the party sees itself as patriotic. The party also rejects the term 'far-right', and instead labels itself as 'radical right-wing'. It has also criticised media companies for labelling them as 'far-right' and has threatened to take action towards those who do. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Hungary ruled that Jobbik cannot be labeled "far-right" in any domestic radio or television transmissions, as this would constitute an opinion because Jobbik has refuted the 'far-right' label.

Jobbik describes itself as rejecting "global capitalism", European integration and Zionism. Instead it adheres to Pan-Turanism, an ideology that asserts that Hungarians originate from the Ural–Altaic race. The movement is described by some scholars and media outlets as "fascist", "neo-fascist", "Neo-Nazi", extremist, racist, antisemitic, antiziganist, and homophobic, although the party rejects these claims.

Party [of] Order and Justice (lithuania)

.

Others

The Klu Klux Klan

History

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), or simply "the Klan", is the name of three distinct past and present movements in the United States that have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration, and, especially in later iterations, Nordicism, anti-Catholicism, and antisemitism, historically expressed through terrorism aimed at groups or individuals whom they opposed. All three movements have called for the "purification" of American society, and all are considered right wing extremist organizations.

The first Klan flourished in the Southern United States in the late 1860s, then died out by the early 1870s. It sought to overthrow the Republican state governments in the South during the Reconstruction Era, especially by using violence against African American leaders. With numerous chapters across the South, it was suppressed around 1871, through federal law enforcement. Members made their own, often colorful, costumes: robes, masks, and conical hats, designed to be terrifying, and to hide their identities.

The Second Klan saw threats from every direction. A religious tone was present in its activities: "two-thirds of the national Klan lecturers were Protestant ministers," says historian Brian R. Farmer. Much of the Klan's energy went into guarding "the home;" the historian Kathleen Blee said its members wanted to protect "the interests of white womanhood." The pamphlet ABC of the Invisible Empire, published in Atlanta by Simmons in 1917, identified the Klan's goals as "to shield the sanctity of the home and the chastity of womanhood; to maintain white supremacy; to teach and faithfully inculcate a high spiritual philosophy through an exalted ritualism; and by a practical devotedness to conserve, protect and maintain the distinctive institutions, rights, privileges, principles and ideals of a pure Americanism."

The second group was founded in 1915, and flourished nationwide in the early and mid-1920s, particularly in urban areas of the Midwest and West. It was rooted in local Protestant communities and opposed Catholics and Jews, and stressed opposition to the Catholic Church. This second organization adopted a standard white costume and used similar code words as the first Klan, while adding cross burnings and mass parades.

The third and current manifestation of the KKK emerged after 1950, in the form of small, local, unconnected groups that use the KKK name. They focused on opposition to the Civil Rights Movement, often using violence and murder to suppress activists. It is classified as a hate group by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center. As of 2016, the Anti-Defamation League puts total Klan membership nationwide at around 3000 while the Southern Poverty Law Center puts it at 6000 members total.

The second and third incarnations of the Ku Klux Klan made frequent references to America's "Anglo-Saxon" blood, hearkening back to 19th-century nativism. Although members of the KKK swear to uphold Christian morality, virtually every Christian denomination has officially denounced the KKK.

Michael Donald lynching

After Michael Donald was lynched in 1981 in Alabama, the FBI investigated his death and two local KKK members were convicted of having a role, including Henry Francis Hays, who was sentenced to death. With the support of attorneys Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) and State Senator Michael A. Figures, Donald's mother, Beulah Mae Donald, sued the KKK in civil court in Alabama. Her lawsuit against the United Klans of America was tried in February 1987. The all-white jury found the Klan responsible for the lynching of Donald and ordered the Klan to pay US$7 million, but the KKK did not have sufficient funds to pay the fine, and had to give up their national headquarters building in Tuscaloosa. After exhausting the appeals process, Hays was executed by electric chair for Donald's death in Alabama on June 6, 1997. It was the first time since 1913 that a white man had been executed in Alabama for a crime against an African American.

Neo-Nazi alliances and Stormfront

In 1995, Don Black and Chloê Hardin, former KKK Grand Wizard David Duke's ex-wife, began a small bulletin board system (BBS) called Stormfront. Today, Stormfront has become a prominent online forum for white nationalism, Neo-Nazism, hate speech, racism, and antisemitism. Duke has an account on Stormfront which he uses to post articles from his own website, as well as polling forum members for opinions and questions, in particular during his internet broadcasts. Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous projects including Operation Red Dog in 1980.

Current developments

The modern KKK is not one organization; rather it is composed of smal (organisational groups)organisational groups) across the U.S. The formation of independent chapters has made KKK groups more difficult to infiltrate, and researchers find it hard to estimate their numbers. Estimates are that about two-thirds of KKK members are concentrated in the Southern United States, with another third situated primarily in the lower Midwest.

The Klan has expanded its recruitment efforts to white supremacists at the international level. For some time the Klan's numbers have been steadily dropping. This decline has been attributed to the Klan's lack of competence in the use of the Internet, their history of violence, a proliferation of competing hate groups, and a decline in the number of young racist activists who are willing to join groups at all.

Recent membership campaigns have been based on issues such as people's anxieties about illegal immigration, urban crime, civil unions and same-sex marriage. Akins argues that, "Klan literature and propaganda is rabidly homophobic and encourages violence against gays and lesbians....Since the late 1970s, the Klan has increasingly focused its ire on this previously ignored population. Many KKK groups have formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups, such as neo-Nazis. Some KKK groups have become increasingly "nazified", adopting the look and emblems of white power skinheads.

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has provided legal support to various factions of the KKK in defense of their First Amendment rights to hold public rallies, parades, and marches, as well as their right to field political candidates.

Titles and vocabulary

Membership in the Klan is secret. Like many fraternal organizations, the Klan has signs which members can use to recognize one another. A member may use the acronym AYAK ("Are you a Klansman?") in conversation to surreptitiously identify himself to another potential member. The response AKIA ("A Klansman I am") completes the greeting. Ku Klux Klan nomenclature has evolved over the order's nearly 160 years of existence. The titles and designations were first laid out in the original Klan's prescripts of 1867 and 1868, then revamped with William J. Simmons' Kloran of 1916. Subsequent Klans have made various modifications.

Throughout its varied history, the Klan has coined many words beginning with "Kl" including:

1. Klabee – treasurers
2. Klavern – local organization
3. Imperial Kleagle – recruiter
4. Klecktoken – initiation fee
5. Kligrapp – secretary
6. Klonvocation – gathering
7. Kloran – ritual book
8. Kloreroe – delegate
9. Imperial Kludd – chaplain

All of the above terminology was created by William Joseph Simmons, as part of his 1915 revival of the Klan. The Reconstruction-era Klan used different titles; the only titles to carry over were "Wizard" for the overall leader of the Klan and "Night Hawk" for the official in charge of security.

The Imperial Kludd was the chaplain of the Imperial Klonvokation and he performed "such other duties as may be required by the Imperial Wizard."

The Imperial Kaliff was the second highest position after the Imperial Wizard.

There are terms related to membership and non-membership:

• Alien - a non-member
• Naturalization - the Klan Initiation rites|initiation ceremony
• Citizen - a Klan member
• Passport - membership card
• Banished - expelled from the Klan
• Yellow dog - a hazing ritual similar to the type used in Hazing in Greek letter organizations|college fraternities; when practiced by imperial officers, called the Royal Order of the Purple Dog.

Groups of Klansmen commissioned for "special activities"

• Wrecking Crew - an action squad commissioned to take physical action against enemies and wayward members of the Klan. Depending on time and organization, these groups consisted of five to eight members and were authorized either by the klokann, the Exalted Cyclops and/or the Kludd. Sometimes led by the Nighthawk. An action taken by the crew is wrecked. Some names used by wrecking crews include "Secret Six", "Ass-tear Squad" and "Holy terrors".
• Klan Bureau of Investigation - Pioneered by the Mississippi White Knights, these groups investigate the Klans enemies and check leaks.
• Degree teams - a group which performs the task of initiation.

Code words and phrases

• A.Y.A.K. or Ayak - "Are you a Klansman?" to be answered with below.
• A.K.I.A. or Akia - "A Klansman I am"; these were code words for Klansmen meeting in strange surroundings. They would be inserted into common conversation, for instance "Does a Mr. Ayak live in this neighborhood" to be responded by "No, but a Mr. Akia does." The password would then be accompanied by a secret handshake or other sign of recognition.
• K.I.G.Y or Kigy - "Klansman, I greet you"
• S.A.N.B.O.G. or Sanbog - "Strangers are near, be on guard"
• Itsub - "In the sacred unfailing bond", a Sign-off|correspondence sign-off
• Sor - "Sign of recognition.
• C.L.A.S.P. - "Clannish loyalty a sacred principle"
• C.A.B.A.R.K. - "Constantly Applied By All Real Klansmen"
• O.R.I.O.N- Our Race Is Our Nation.
• L.O.T.I.E or LOTIE- Lady Of The Invisible Empire.

Financers

• Klectoken or Klecktokon - initiation fee. It stabilized around $10 before the 1970s.
• Imperial tax - membership dues
• Provincial tax - secondary dues, paid per capita for the upkeep of a Realm.

Trumpisum

He has a deep and genuine love of America, huge business acumen, an ability to connect with the populous, notable financial skill, a short temper and a dislike for both corrupted politicians, Mexican immigrants, legal professionals, political commentators that arsk awkward questions and bureaucrats.

Conflict had arisen at a late stage in the campaign since rather than face the fact that he, his spin campaign and\or his ideals may be unwanted, or that Hillary Clinton, her spin campaign and\or her ideals may be more wanted, he refuses to recognize a defeat and instead the election was flaws and the democrats had also rigged it any how. Russia may have helped Trump in to office with the use of false news.

Many legal and international disputes have occurred under his tenure such as the firing of the FBI boss James Comey, his economically protectionist ecanomic policies and the building of the US-Mexico border wall (AKA- The Trump Wall).

Political position

Tump's political positions are widely described by the media as "populist". He has described his political positions in various and often contradictory ways over time. Trump himself says "I have evolved on many issues. There are some issues that are very much the same, I've been constant on many issues. But I have evolved on certain issues." PolitiFact.com wrote that it is difficult to determine Trump's stance on issues, given his frequent changes in position and "his penchant for using confusing, vague and even contradictory language". PolitiFact.com counted at least 17 times when Trump said something and then denied having said it.

Social issues

Trump describes himself as pro-life and generally opposes abortion with some exceptions: rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother. The Susan B. Anthony List, an anti-abortion group, praised Trump's list of potential Supreme Court nominees as "exceptionally strong," while the abortion-rights group NARAL Pro-Choice America called the candidates on the list "a woman's worst nightmare." Trump has stated that he supports "traditional marriage". He opposes the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court ruling that legalized Same-sex marriage in the United States nationwide, and believes the decision should be left to individual states. If elected, he would "strongly consider" appointing Supreme Court justices that would overturn the ruling.

Trump supports a broad interpretation of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution|Second Amendment and says he is opposed to gun control in general, although his views have shifted over time. He supports fixing the National Instant Criminal Background Check System as a federal background check system so that criminal and mental health records are always put into the system. Trump opposes legalizing recreational marijuana. but supports legalizing medical cannabis. Trump favors Capital punishment (the death penalty).

Economic issues

Trump's campaign's tax plan calls for reducing the Corporate tax in the United States to 15%, concurrent with the elimination of various business loopholes and deductions. Personal income taxes would also be reduced; the top rate would be reduced from 39.6% to 25%, a large "zero bracket" would be created, and the alternative minimum tax would be eliminated, as would the estate tax (which currently applies to individual estates over $5.45 million or $10.90 million per married couple). Under Trump's economic plan, families with head-of-household filing status making between $20,000 and $200,000, including many single parents, would pay more in taxes than under current tax law, due to Trump's elimination of some deductions and exemptions.

Trump's comments about the minimum wage have been inconsistent: he has said that a low minimum wage is good; that the minimum wage should not be raised; that the minimum wage should be raised; that he would like an increase, but the states should do the increasing; that he is against any federal minimum wage floor; and that he is in favor of a $10 federal minimum wage, but "let the states make the deal".

Trump identifies as a "free trader", but says that trade must be "reasonably fair", and has described supporters of international trade deals that are good for other countries but not good for the United States as "blood suckers". He has often been referred to as "Protectionism|protectionist". He says NAFTA has been the "worst trade deal in history", and would as president either renegotiate or break the NAFTA agreement. He opposes the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Trump proposes to raise tariffs on List of the largest trading partners of the United States|Chinese exports to the United States by 45%, and has raised the idea of placing 35% tariffs on Mexican exports to the United States. Trump has called the World Trade Organization (WTO) a "disaster", and favors renegotiating or leaving the WTO unless it allows his proposed tariff increases.

Healthcare, education and environment

Trump favors repealing and replacing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") with a different Free market healthcare|free-market plan that would allow health insurance to be sold across state lines, enable individuals to deduct health insurance premiums, expand health savings accounts, and give more control of Medicaid to the states. He has voiced support for a single-payer healthcare system in the past, but distanced himself from the idea during his 2016 campaign. Trump favors getting rid of backlogs and waitlists that are the focus of the Veterans Health Administration scandal of 2014, and believes that Veterans Affairs facilities need to be upgraded.

Trump has stated his support for school choice and local control for primary and secondary schools. He opposes the Common Core State Standards Initiative for primary and secondary schools, and has called Common Core "a disaster" that must be ended. He has stated he would abolish all or part of the United States Department of Education|Department of Education.

Trump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, repeatedly contending that global warming is a "hoax." Trump has said that the United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA is a "disgrace" and has promised to cut its budget. He has pledged to "cancel the Paris Agreement|Paris Climate Agreement", which calls for reductions in carbon emissions in more than 170 countries, claiming it treats the United States unfairly and gives favorable treatment to countries like China and Mexico.

Foreign policy

Donald Trump has been described as non-interventionalist and nationalist. Trump has repeatedly stated that he supports "America First" foriegn policy, though he is not linked to the historical America First Party (1944) or the America First Party (2002). He supports increasing United States military defense spending, but favors decreasing United States spending on NATO and in the Pacific region. He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs. He questions whether he, as president, would automatically extend North Atlantic Treaty|security guarantees to NATO members, and suggests that he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance. Trump has called for Japan to pay for the costs of American troops stationed there and that it might need to develop nuclear weapons in order to protect itself from North Korea.

In terms of confronting Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Trump called for sending 20,000 to 30,000 U.S. troops to the region, a position he retracted. He has since argued that regional allies of the U.S., such as Saudi Arabia should provide troops in the fight. He also believes that oil fields in ISIS-controlled areas should be bombed. He supports the use of waterboarding, a form of torture, and has said he'd "bring back a hell of a lot worse". Trump would as president dismantle the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action\international nuclear agreement with Iran. Regarding the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Trump has stated the importance of being a neutral party during potential negotiations, while also having stated that he is "a big fan of Israel." He supports Israeli settlement construction in the West Bank.

In 2002, when asked whether he supported 2003 invasion of Iraq|invading Iraq, Trump responded, "Yeah, I guess so", and added "I wish the first time it was done correctly" in reference to the Gulf War of 1990–1991. Trump discussed the matter further during an interview with Neil Cavuto, two months prior to the March 2003 invasion.

Trump publicly referred to the war as a "mess" within a week after it began, and by 2004 he said he was opposed to it. Since 2004, he has repeatedly criticized the war, especially during his 2016 presidential campaign. During his 2016 Presidential campaign, Trump has repeatedly and falsely claimed that he opposed the Iraq War even before it was launched.

Trump has at times during his presidential campaign stated that the Afghanistan War was a mistake, and at other times stated that it was necessary. He supports keeping a limited number of United States troops there. Trump was a strong supporter of the 2011 military intervention in Libya at the time. He has since then reversed his position several times, saying finally in June 2016 that he would have supported "surgical" bombing against Gaddafi.

Trump would consider Political status of Crimea|recognizing Crimea as Russian territory and lifting International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis|sanctions on Russia. He added that Russia could help the United States in Military intervention against ISIL|fighting ISIS militants. In the same interview, Trump stated that he hoped Russia would unearth Hillary Clinton's missing emails from her time as Secretary of State, saying: "Russia, if you're listening, I hope you're able to find the 30,000 emails that are missing." The next day, Trump stated that his comment was sarcastic.

Immigration policies

Trump's immigration policies have been among his most highly discussed policies during the campaign. Some of his proposals have come under scrutiny by several experts on immigration who question the effectiveness and affordability of his plans. Trump vows to build a substantial wall on the Mexico–United States border to keep out illegal immigrants, a wall which Trump promises Mexico will pay for. Trump would also create a "deportation force" to deport around Illegal immigrant population of the United States, that is11 million people illegally residing in the U.S., stating "Day One of my presidency, [illegal immigrants] are getting out and getting out fast." Trump opposes Birthright citizenship in the United States|birthright citizenship.

In late August 2016, Trump hinted he might soften his position calling for the deportation of all undocumented immigrants. On August 31, 2016, he made a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, saying he wanted to build relations with the country. However, in a major speech later that night, Trump laid out a 10-point plan reaffirming his hardline positions, including building a wall along the Mexican border to be paid for by Mexico, potentially deporting "anyone who has entered the United States illegally," denying legal status to such people unless they leave the country and apply for re-entry, and creating a deportation task force. He said the focus of the task force would be criminals, those who have overstayed their visas, and other "security threats".

One of Trump's most controversial proposals was his original proposal in 2015 for a "total and complete" temporary ban on foreign Muslims entering the United States. Trump later changed his position in 2016 by stating that the temporary ban would apply only to people originating from countries with a "proven history of terrorism against the United States or its allies", or countries "compromised by terrorism". Trump characterized this as an expansion, not rollback, of his original proposal.

Comments about fringe theories

According to political writer Steve Benen, unlike past political leaders, Trump has not kept fringe theory|fringe theories and their supporters at arm's length. Benen, Steve. "A conspiracy theorist and his powerful pals", MSNBC (December 3, 2015). Political writer Jack Shafer says that Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views", but he has a revolutionary ability to attract earned media|free media attention, sometimes by making outrageous comments. Shafer, Jack. "Did We Create Trump?", Politico (May 2016): "Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest...."

For many years, beginning in at least 2011, Trump publicly questioned President Obama's citizenship status; Krieg, Gregory (September 16, 2016). 14 of Trump's most outrageous 'birther' claims -- half from after 2011. CNN. Retrieved October 8, 2016. in 2016, during his presidential campaign, Trump stated that Obama was born in the U.S. "Trump says Obama born in US, 'period' – after new 'birther' dust-up", Fox News Channel (September 16, 2016). In the past, he has also alluded to the Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories|conspiracy theory that President Obama is secretly a Muslim.

Trump has discussed the MMR vaccine controversy|unfounded notion that vaccine doses cause autism if administered too quickly in succession, and the conspiracy theory that former Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia might not have died of natural causes but was murdered. Pearce, Matt. "Scalia's death and lack of an autopsy bring out the conspiracy theorists", Los Angeles Times (February 16, 2016). The National Enquirer repeated a National Enquirer allegation that Rafael Bienvenido Cruz, father of Ted Cruz, may have been involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Attacks on the press

Both liberal minded and Democratic party favoring journalists have slammed for their obvious bias reporting and trailing of anti-Trump propaganda.Many fake news sites attacked and supported both candidates, but they now ll restlessly attack President Trump.

Attacks on the courts

Both liberal minded and Democratic Party favoring\picked judges have slammed for their obvious bias for opposing the restrictions on immigration from seven Muslim nations brought in 2017. Whilst some may be bias, the constitutional legality of it all is yet to be settled and some of Trump's own supporters think that it is more than a bit arbitrary as to which nations were picked.

Power lust in the ruling cabal?

Some in the UK have suspected an unhealthy love of power by the ruling clique and the desire to unconstitutionally over concentrate it in their personal control.

Maduroisum

Nicolas Maduro

The SNP

The Scottish National Party (SNP; Scottish Gaelic: Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba, Scots: Scots Naitional Pairtie) is a Scottish nationalist and social-democratic political party in Scotland. The SNP supports and campaigns for Scottish independence. It is the third-largest political party by membership in the United Kingdom, as well as by overall representation in the House of Commons, behind the Labour Party and the Conservative Party, and is the largest party in Scotland, where it dominates both the Scottish Parliament and the country's parliamentary delegation to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Its leader, Nicola Sturgeon, is the current First Minister of Scotland.

Founded in 1934 with the merger of the National Party of Scotland and the Scottish Party, the party has had continuous parliamentary representation since Winnie Ewing won the 1967 Hamilton by-election. With the advent of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, the SNP became the second largest party, serving two terms as the opposition. The SNP came to power in the 2007 Scottish general election, forming a minority government, before going on to win the 2011 election, after which it formed Scotland's first majority government.

The SNP is the largest political party in Scotland in terms of membership, reaching over 120,000 members in July 2016, around 2% of the Scottish population. Currently the party has 63 MSPs, 54 MPs and approximately 400 local councillors. The SNP also currently has two MEPs in the European Parliament, who sit in The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group. The SNP is a member of the European Free Alliance (EFA). The party does not have any members of the House of Lords, in accordance with party policy.

The SNP has a bitterly Anglo-phobic attitude not found in the Welsh Plaid Cymru party. The party is increasingly consumed with a hatred of England and the need to persicute English people and England, even after indipendence. Aberdeen, Dundee and Glasgow have seen several Anglo-phonic incodents since 2000, especialy Glasgow.

2010s UK antisemitism debacle

Any sine of counter-Zionism or antisemitism as of 2010 has lead to Labour being officially condemned by parliament, the BNP getting knocked about a bit in the print media, UKIP getting slightly praised in the print media and the other parties being ignored over it (not that some like PC are legally bound by party policy not to hate Jews or any other race).

Bile and anger during the Brexit debate

Lead by the likes of Nigel Farage and Boris Johnson, they are thriving on the perfect storm made by the colliding refugee crisis, terrorist threat and continued global financial difficulty, believing a far right\Euroceptic political narrative that bore little resemblance to the empirical truth as the parties' supposed experts conflated issues as gave broad brush stroke answers to any questions that applied to the crucial issues they didn’t want to confront or were found to be confused about.

According to a 2017 BBC documentary

According to a 2017 BBC documentary panorama life in immigration town raised the following points about life in 2017 in Slough.

1. Spanish moved over hear to flee their dying nation*.
2. Council houses are not given preferentially to Eastern Europeans.
3. The ethnic groups are ~34% Anglos, ~51% Poles, ~14% the rest of the world\non-white British\mixed blood and 1% did not say.
4. Poles and Romanians are willing to flog them selves harder than Anglos\Blacks\Asians in factories who's Anglo bosses are Anglophobeic anyhow.
5. Roma are a disorderly, pitiful; and misunderstood rabble nobody loves anyhow.
6. Asians think Roma are rude.
7. Blacks said they came in the 1950s when the government wanted extra labour, but the Poles now come to act as cheep labour for mean bosses.
8. No one welcomed or wanted the Poles in 2007 or 2017**.
9. Anglos want to leave since they are immigrant phobic.
10. Slough is booming, but on the back of a large and willing pool of Slavic slave*** labour.
11. The Poles think they have the right and duty to take over. They think Anglos are an inferior people.
12. The self proclaimed national loyalties are:
    1. Roma= British\Roma and or Romania.
    2. Poles= British\Polish (kids and teens), but Polish (adults)
    3. Romanians= British (kids)
    4. Blacks= British (adults)
    5. Coloreds= British (adults)
    6. Asians= British (adults)
    7. Anglos= British (adults)
    8. Irish= No interviews
    9. Italians= No interviews
    10. French= No interviews

*They now beat up our ex-pats in Spain (as of 2012). ** Who don't like Anglos either by 2017. *** Better than what they got back in thire homeland (as of 2012).

Spanish farming in late 2016 and early 2017

The British supply of couchettes, broccoli and lettuce imploded from December 2016 due to cold weather and stocks ran low in the UK by January 2017. The bad weather had devastated farms in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, mainlands Greece and mainland Spain, as well as causing some damage in parts of southern France, Italy and Portugal’s mainland territory. The facts were soon forgotten in the bilesum rhetoric that soon followed.

Eurosceptics veered between it being a faliuer of the transport system (i.e., the ship sunk and\or the cargo went moldy) and the belief that the EU had deliberately ruined crops by for example switching fertilizer with weedkiller at the corporate depot the farmers bought it at. They also go fixated that it was a EU-run trade blocked lead by Germany or they had forcibly taken the stuff of the farmers and back to Germany. It was also held that Greece was a sub-huma polar country that was better off dead and were conspiring with Germany and Portugal to ruin Spain and the UK.

Eurosceptic pushed the idea of food self-sufficiency, which the BNP had previously raised in the mid-1990s to no avail. The Eurosceptics doubted the quality, morality and reliability of any imports unlike the BNP who only mentioned reliability as an issue. The BNP had also raised issues that they confessed they were stopped on such as coconuts only growing in warm climates and heavy UK wheat imports from the USA, unlike the Eurosceptic which they ignore or denied.

According to a 2017 BBC documentary

According to a 2017 BBC documentary panorama life in immigration town raised the following points about life in 2017 in Slough.

1. Spanish moved over hear to flee their dying nation*.
2. Council houses are not given preferentially to Eastern Europeans.
3. The ethnic groups are ~34% Anglos, ~51% Poles and ~24% the rest of the world\non-white British.
4. Poles and Romanians are willing to flog them selves harder than Anglos\Blacks\Asians in factories whose Anglo bosses are Anglophobeic anyhow.
5. Roma are a disorderly and misunderstood rabble nobody loves anyhow.
6. Asians think Roma are rude.
7. Blacks said they came in the 1950s when the government wanted extra labour, but the Poles now come to act as cheep labour for mean bosses.
8. No one welcomed or wanted the Poles in 2007 or 2017**.
9. Anglos want to leave since they are immigrant phobic.
10. Slough is booming, but on the back of a large and willing pool of Slavic slave*** labour.
11. The Poles think they have the right and duty to take over. They think Anglos are an inferior people.
12. The self proclaimed national loyalties are:
    1. Roma= British\Roma and or Romania.
    2. Poles= British\Polish (kids and teens), but Polish (adults)
    3. Romanians= British (kids)
    4. Blacks= British (adults)
    5. Coloreds= British (adults)
    6. Asians= British (adults)
    7. Anglos= British (adults)
    8. Irish= No interviews
    9. Italians= No interviews
    10. French= No interviews

.*They now beat up our ex-pats in Spain (as of 2012). .** Who don't like Anglos either by 2017. .*** Better than what they got back homeland (as of 2012).

Millennial Euro-fascism and Euroscepticism

Euroscepticism is a counter-internationalist, anti-Euro-federalist, isolationist and anti-immigrationist pan-European political ideal born from polurist media lead Europhobia, economic self interest, nationalist sentiments, the  fear of immigrants, dislike of international co-operation, political ignorance, intolerance and post 2008 economic decline related ecanomic conspiracy theories. It is different to traditional line of the fascists and Nazis since it is driven only by self interest and instinctive hatred of foreigners, not from a out of control  genuine belief of racial and\or cultural superiority of a supposed master-race.

UKIP and the AfD were at first classified as a populist and pro-democracy conservative movement, but the recent swing to the right by UKIP had lead to there reclassification as far-right poularists as of about 2013-2014. The AfD faced a similar reclassification a year later. The Brexit Party is still regarded as Eurosceptic.

There are no official labels, core beliefs or official Euroscepticism manifesto, central organization, no major pan-factional leaders and no official ideology, just hatred of the EU and Europeans in general.

Some parties like UKIP and the AfD are also virulently xenophobic to all races, creeds and nationalities; with the USA being the highest of their enemies out side the EU nations. They also have a total inability to take ideologically opposing beliefs, regardless of its factual validity or not.

Origins

The ideology was formed during the early 2000s in the polpurist media's headline froth with stories that played on a heady mix of common feelings of a genuine pubic disillusionment, xenophobia, political ignorance, personal self interest, the desire to get rich quick, ecanomic insecurity, schadenfreude towards other nations misfortunes, the hatred of global laws (and by extension the treaties and organisations connected to them)  and instinctively driven personal hatred of anything they don't like.

The media mostly played on and aggravated the genuine and often true fear of German ecanomic domination, increasing eastern European immigration, growing EU bureaucracy and the post-2010 rise of the far right in several western European nations.

General traits

Euroscepticism, i.e. the opposition to policies of supranational EU institutions and/or opposition to Britain's (in England and parts of Wales) membership of the European Union, has been a significant element in the politics of the United Kingdom (UK). Euroscepticism is a rater general and pan-party opposition to the European Union (EU), the Euro (€) and the process of European integration. A Eurobarometer survey of EU citizens in 2009 showed that support for membership of the EU was lowest in the United Kingdom, alongside Latvia and Hungary.  

The overall acceptance of the European Union in all member states saw a strong increase of support till the 1990s and a major decline afterwards, support sinking to 1980s levels then. Due to the timely connection with the Maastricht Treaty of 1992, it has been called the 'post-Maastricht-Blues'. The European integration process faced a major defeat with the failed Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe and Eurosceptical opinions gained more impact overall. The role of public opinion had been lower before but gained importance with state referendums, as in the rejection of the constitution by French and Dutch voters in 2005.

There are no official labels, core beliefs or official Euroscepticism manifesto, central organization, no major pan-factional leaders and no official ideology, just hatred of the EU and Europeans in general.  

Some parties like UKIP and the AfD also went virulently xenophobic to all races, creeds and nationalities; with the USA being the highest of their enemies out side the EU nations. They also have a total inability to take ideologically opposing beliefs, regardless of its factual validity or not.

Eurosceptic core values

The Eurosceptics have been mostly distinguished from the Fascists and Nazis on seven grounds-

1. They claim to be anti-European Union, but in reality anti-foreigners in general. The Fascists and Nazis actually have the honesty to say so and don't hide behind a referendum on EU membership.
2. They are generally old or middle-aged people (overwhelmingly Whites) who have a strong dislike of poor people, social change, children, other races, other creeds and teenagers.
3. They are opposecd to all those that are different to them since they simply hate difference, unlike the Fascists and Nazis who define it on racist, sectarian and\or cultural lines; for instance, anti-Semetism and the use of the  'Jewish bakers' plot' conspiracy theories.  
4. They are annexationist and reject colonial independence and imperial decline (i.e., the BNP are glad we got rid of 'inferor Black African' states like Kenya, but UK Eurosceptics don't neither recognise or agree with Southern Ireland's right to independence). 
5. Eurosceptics are mostly driven by xenophobic hatred, not an overly hateful ideological bias towards a certain group such as the Jews, gays, and so on . 
6. The belief that all treaties and national/global law is legal or not; meaningless, to be canceled at whim, is there to be broken and should be dissolved.
7. They mostly think the EU and there national goverment is plotting against them and their nation.
8. A fear of imminent national collapse due to foringers, Moslims, the poor, disabled, unfortunate and needy.
9. Blaming others (race, nationality, age, advisability, fiscal standing and so on) for their failures\inability to live up to their over estimation of their own capabilities.
10. A attraction to Trump's America or rogue states like N. Korea, Venezuela, Russia, etc.

Eurosceptasim in the UK

Founding of the EC and British applications for membership

The UK was not a signatory to the Treaty of Rome which created the then European Communities (EC), which was the collective term for the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC). in 1957. The country subsequently applied to join the organisation in 1963 and again in 1967, but both applications were vetoed by the President of France, Charles de Gaulle, who said that "a number of aspects of Britain's economy, from working practices to agriculture" had "made Britain incompatible with Europe" and that Britain harboured a "deep-seated hostility" to any pan-European project. Once de Gaulle had relinquished the French presidency in 1969, the UK made a third and successful application for membership. The question of sovereignty had been discussed at the time in an official Foreign and Commonwealth Office document (FCO 30/1048) that became open to the public in January 2002 under the rules for availability after thirty years.

It listed among "Areas of policy in which parliamentary freedom to legislate will be affected by entry into the European Communities": Customs duties, Agriculture, Free movement of labour, services and capital, Transport, and Social Security for migrant workers. The document concluded (paragraph 26) that it was advisable to put the considerations of influence and power before those of formal sovereignty. The Treaty of Accession was signed in January 1972 by the prime minister Edward Heath, leader of the Conservative party. Parliament's European Communities Act 1972 was enacted on 17 October and the UK's instrument of ratification was deposited the next day (18 October), letting the United Kingdom's membership of the EEC, or "Common Market", come into effect on 1 January 1973. The opposition Labour Party, led by Harold Wilson, contested the October 1974 general election with a commitment to renegotiate Britain's terms of membership of the EEC and then hold a referendum on whether to remain in the EC on the new terms. 

The 1975 UK referendum

The eventual UK referendum in 1975 asked the voters:

• "Parliament has decided to consult the electorate on the question whether the UK should remain in the European Economic Community: Do you want the UK to remain in the EEC?"

British membership of the EEC was endorsed by 67% of those voting, with a turnout of 64.5%. To date, the electorate has not been allowed to vote on membership of a European Union, nor any treaty changes.

After 1992

The 1992 Maastricht Treaty was seen as a step too far by many who only wanted a free trade, free travel and police co-operation zone. The then UK prime minister, John Major, secured a UK opt-out from the € and Shengen passport-free travel zone, as did Denmark at about the same time.

The financier Sir James Goldsmith formed the Referendum Party as a single-issue party to fight the 1997 General Election, calling for a referendum on aspects of the UK's relationship with the European Union. UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage is arguably the United Kingdom's most famous Eurosceptic campaigner and wants the UK to leave the European Union.

Polling on this issue has typically produced narrow majorities in favour of remaining within the EU, although some polls have found the reverse result. According to an Opinion/Observer poll taken on 20 February 2015, 51% of the British electorate said they would most likely vote the United Kingdom to leave the European Union if they were offered a referendum, whereas 49% would not (the figures exclude 14% who said they were unsure). These studies also showed that 41% of the electorate view the EU as a positive force overall, whereas 34% saw it as negative, and a study in November 2012 showed that while 48% of EU citizens trust the European Parliament, only 22% of the UK trusted the Parliament.

However, support and opposition for withdrawal from the EU are not evenly distributed among the different age groups: opposition to EU membership is most prevalent among those 60 and older, with a poll from 22–23 March 2015 showing that 48% of this age group oppose EU membership. This decreases to 22% among those aged 18–24 (with 56% of 18- to 24-year-olds stating that they would vote for Britain to remain in the EU). Finally, the results of the poll showed some regional variation: support for withdrawal from the EU is lowest in Scotland and London (at 22% and 32% respectively) but reaches 42% in the Midlands and Wales (the only region polled with a plurality in favour of withdrawal).

The February 2015 study also showed that trust of the UK's relationship with the EU is split along partisan lines: 35% trusted the Tories (Conservatives); 33% trusted Labour; 15% trusted UKIP; 7% trusted the Greens and 6% trusted the Lib Dems.

UKIP

The UK Independence Party (UKIP /ˈjuːkɪp/) is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Newton Abbot, Devon. UKIP has one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons, three representatives in the House of Lords, and 22 Members of the European Parliament, making it the largest UK party in the European Parliament. It has 488 councillors in UK local government and six members in the National Assembly for Wales.

A right-wing party, UKIP has been identified by political scientists as part of the broader European radical right. Its ideological approach is that of right-wing populism, and it employs populist rhetoric to distinguish itself from the political establishment. Promoting a British unionist and nationalist agenda, it characterises the latter approach as a non-racial civic nationalism, although the accuracy of this description has been disputed. UKIP's primary emphasis has been on hard Euroscepticism, calling for the UK's exit from the European Union, while it has also placed strong emphasis on lowering immigration. Economically describing itself as libertarian and influenced by classical liberalism and Thatcherism, it promotes economically liberal policies while appealing to traditional social values.

UKIP was founded in 1991 by the historian Alan Sked as the Anti-Federalist League, a single-issue Eurosceptic party. Renamed UKIP in 1993, the party adopted a wider platform that was influenced by its ideological heritage on the right-wing of the Conservative Party. The party's early growth was slow and largely eclipsed by the Eurosceptic Referendum Party. Under Nigel Farage's leadership, from 2009 the party capitalised on concerns about rising immigration, in particular among the White British working class, resulting in significant breakthroughs at the 2013 local elections and the 2014 European elections, where UKIP received the most votes. At the 2015 general election, the party gained the third-largest vote share and one seat in the House of Commons.

Governed by its leader and National Executive Committee, UKIP is divided into twelve regional groups, with an additional one representing Gibraltar. UKIP is founding member of the Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe European political party, and the party's MEPs sit with the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy group in the European Parliament. While gaining electoral support from various sectors of British society, political scientists have established that its primary voting base is in England and consists of older, working-class White Britons. UKIP has faced a critical reception from mainstream political parties, much of the British media, and anti-fascist groups, and has been accused of racism and xenophobia, allegations which it has denied.

The British Conservative Party want the EU return to a simple trade community similar to the old European Economic Community (EEC). The UK Independence Party (UKIP) and the British National Party (BNP) support total withdrawal from the EU and in the case of the prior complete closure of trading and diplomatic ties with its member states as well; while the latter would have either an political alliance, trade block or lose confederacy of white neo-fascist states.

The UK Independence Party is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. Headquartered in Newton Abbot, Devon, its leader is Nigel Farage. UKIP has one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons, three representatives in the House of Lords, and twenty-two Members of the European Parliament, making it the largest UK party in the European Parliament. It has 497 councillors in UK local government and one member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.

Although describing itself as a libertarian party, academic political scientists have instead characterised UKIP's ideological approach as being that of right-wing populism, also identifying it as part of the broader European radical right. Historically UKIP's primary emphasis was on hard Euroscepticism, calling for the UK's exit from the European Union, although it now couples this with nationalist and economically liberal policies. Governed by its leader and National Executive Committee (NEC), UKIP is divided into twelve regional groups, with an additional one representing Gibraltar. UKIP is founder member of the Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe (ADDE) European political party, and the party's MEPs sit with the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (EFDD) group in the European Parliament. Its support base is primarily older, white, male voters with less formal education.

UKIP was founded in 1991 by the historian Alan Sked as the Anti-Federalist League, a single-issue Eurosceptic party. Renamed UKIP in 1993, the party adopted a wider right-wing platform and gradually increased its support. Under Farage's leadership, from 2009 the party tailored its policies towards the white working-class, before making significant breakthroughs in the 2013 local elections and the 2014 European elections, where UKIP received the most votes. At the 2015 general election, the party gained the third largest vote share and one seat in the House of Commons. UKIP is a 'Political cult' movement.

UKIP and the AfD were at first classified as a populist and pro-democracy conservative movement, but the recent swing to the right by UKIP had lead to there reclassification as far-right poularists as of about 2013-2014. The AfD faced a similar reclasification a year later.

Whilst most British were naturally and historically afraid of bureaucrats, the Metric System, subsidising poor nations and fear of overwhelming migration, UKIP had made the debate swing far to the ultra-right. UKIP had managed, with the help of parts of the UK media, to degenerated it in to a anti-immigration, isolationist and euro-phobic hate-frenzy. Where ever they went in person or got on a TV debate, people became convinced the nation was flooded by immigrates that caused all the UK's woes and deserved to be expelled and\or murdered on the spot.

Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire are now getting a reputation for both being overwhelmingly pro-UKIP, racist, isolationist from the rest of the UK and persistent in beating up Eastern Europeans.

UKIP at first espoused a form of British nationalism; it states that its is a "civic" rather than an "ethnic" nationalism, although this categorisation has been disputed as it veered in the early 2010s to ward a BNP leaning religious hated of Islam.  Later, the Brexit Party broke away from UKIP and formed a new Eurosceptic party.

Political Classification

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2016 Brexit vote

In the wake of the June 23, 2016 EU referendum, where the voters of England voted to withdraw from the EU, British PM David Cameron coined the term "Little England" as what Great Britain would be reduced to, due to London, Berkshire, Hertfordshire, Scotland and Northern Ireland being mainly pro-EU, and Scotland threatening another referendum for Scottish independence, as well as calls for a United Ireland and London independence.

"Little Englanders"

• Also see: "Little Englanders".

Tru Finns

This party is of a more sensible and moderate nature. Whilst it is right wing and some are Islamophobic, it is not Nazi leaning like the AfD or bonkers like UKIP. They are not run by rogue business men or political non-committal and amorphous politicians, who want to rip off the public in order to get in office at any cost.

The Finns Party, previously known as the True Finns (Finnish: Perussuomalaiset, PS, Swedish: Sannfinländarna, Sannf.), is a populist and nationalist-oriented Finnish political party, founded in 1995 following the dissolution of the Finnish Rural Party. Timo Soini has been the leader of the party since 1997. In the 2011 parliamentary election, the party won 19.1% of votes, becoming the third largest party in the Finnish Parliament. In the 2015 election the party got 17.7% of the votes, making them the parliament's second largest party. The party was in opposition for the first 20 years of its existence. In 2015 they joined the current government coalition. 

The party combines left-wing economic policies with conservative social values, socio-cultural authoritarianism, and ethnic nationalism. Several researchers have described the party as fiscally centre-left, socially conservative, a "centre-based populist party" or the "most left-wing of the non-socialist parties", whereas other scholars have described them as radically right-wing populist. In the parliament seating order, the party's MPs have always been seated in the centre and the party's supporters have described themselves as centrists as well. The party has drawn people from left-wing parties but central aspects of their manifesto have gained support from right-wing voters as well. The chairman of the party, Timo Soini has said that the Finns Party is Finland's largest workers' party but also stated that the party is definitely not on the left-wing. Inside the party there is also a movement which can be considered clearly rightist, led by MEP Jussi Halla-aho. The Finns Party has been compared by international media to the other Nordic populist parties and other similar nationalist and right-wing populist movements in Europe that share euroscepticism and are critical of globalism, whilst noting its strong support for the Finnish welfare state.

In June 2014, the Finns Party joined the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament, where it co-operates with parties like the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom and Law and Justice of Poland.

Swiss People's Party

Overview

The Swiss People's Party (German: Schweizerische Volkspartei, SVP; Romansh: Partida populara Svizra, PPS), also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre (French: Union démocratique du centre, UDC; Italian: Unione Democratica di Centro, UDC), is a national-conservative and right-wing populist political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Albert Rösti, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 65 members of the National Council and five of the Council of States.

The SVP originated in 1971 as a merger of the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB) and the Democratic Party, while the BGB in turn had been founded in the context of the emerging local farmers' parties in the late 1910s. The SVP initially didn't witness any increased support beyond that of the BGB, retaining around 11% of the vote through the 1970s and 1980s. This changed however during the 1990s, when the party underwent deep structural and ideological changes under the influence of Christoph Blocher; the SVP then became the strongest party in Switzerland by the 2000s.

In line with the changes fostered by Blocher, the party started to focus increasingly on issues such as Euroscepticism and opposition to mass immigration. As of 2015 the SVP has 54 seats in the Federal Assembly, and its vote share of 29% in the 2007 Federal Council election was the highest vote ever recorded for a single party in Switzerland. When Blocher failed to win re-election as a Federal Councillor in 2007, moderates within the party split off, forming the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP).

History

The early origins of the SVP go back to the late 1910s, when numerous cantonal farmers' parties where founded in agrarian, Protestant, German-speaking parts of Switzerland. While the Free Democratic Party had earlier been a popular party for farmers, this changed during World War I when the party had mainly defended the interests of industrialists and consumer circles.  When proportional representation was introduced in 1919, the new farmers' parties won significant electoral support, especially in Zürich and Bern, and eventually also gained representation in parliament and government. By 1929, the coalition of farmers' parties had gained enough influence to get one of their leaders, Rudolf Minger, elected to the Federal Council.

In 1936, a representative party was founded on the national level, called the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents (BGB). During the 1930s, the BGB entered the mainstream of Swiss politics as a right-wing conservative party in the bourgeois bloc. While the party opposed any kind of socialist ideas such as internationalism and anti-militarism, it sought to represent local Swiss traders and farmers against big business and international capital. 

The BGB contributed strongly to the establishment of the Swiss national ideology known as the Geistige Landesverteidigung (Spiritual Defence of the Nation), which was largely responsible for the growing Swiss sociocultural and political cohesion from the 1930s. In the party's fight against left-wing ideologies, sections of party officials and farmers voiced understanding, or failed to distance themselves from the emerging fascist movements. After World War II, the BGB contributed to the establishment of the characteristic Swiss post-war consensual politics, social agreements and economic growth policies. The party continued to be a reliable political partner with the Swiss Conservative People's Party and the Free Democratic Party. 

In 1971, the BGB changed its name to the Swiss People's Party (SVP) after it merged with the Democratic Party from Glarus and Graubünden. The Democratic Party had been supported particularly by workers, and the SVP sought to expand its electoral base towards these, as the traditional BGB base in the rural population had started to lose its importance in the post-war era. As the Democratic Party had represented centrist, social-liberal positions, the course of the SVP shifted towards the political centre following internal debates The new party however continued to see its level of support at around 11%, the same as the former BGB throughout the post-war era. Internal debates continued, and the 1980s saw growing conflicts between the Bern and Zürich cantonal branches, where the former branch represented the centrist faction, and the latter looked to put new issues on the political agenda. 

When the young entrepreneur Christoph Blocher was elected president of the Zürich SVP in 1977, he declared his intent to oversee significant change in the political line of the Zürich SVP, bringing an end to debates that aimed to open the party up to a wide array of opinions. Blocher soon consolidated his power in Zürich, and began to renew the organisational structures, activities, campaigning style and political agenda of the local branch. The young members of the party was boosted with the establishment of a cantonal Young SVP (JSVP) in 1977, as well as political training courses. The ideology of the Zürich branch was also reinforced, and the rhetoric hardened, which resulted in the best election result for the Zürich branch in fifty years in the 1979 federal election, with an increase from 11.3% to 14.5%. This was contrasted with the stable level in the other cantons, although the support also stagnated in Zürich through the 1980s.

In 1971, the BGB changed its name to the Swiss People's Party (SVP) after it merged with the Democratic Party from Glarus and Graubünden. The Democratic Party had been supported particularly by workers, and the SVP sought to expand its electoral base towards these, as the traditional BGB base in the rural population had started to lose its importance in the post-war era. As the Democratic Party had represented centrist, social-liberal positions, the course of the SVP shifted towards the political centre following internal debates. The new party however continued to see its level of support at around 11%, the same as the former BGB throughout the post-war era. Internal debates continued, and the 1980s saw growing conflicts between the Bern and Zürich cantonal branches, where the former branch represented the centrist faction, and the latter looked to put new issues on the political agenda. 

When the young entrepreneur Christoph Blocher was elected president of the Zürich SVP in 1977, he declared his intent to oversee significant change in the political line of the Zürich SVP, bringing an end to debates that aimed to open the party up to a wide array of opinions. Blocher soon consolidated his power in Zürich, and began to renew the organisational structures, activities, campaigning style and political agenda of the local branch. The young members of the party was boosted with the establishment of a cantonal Young SVP (JSVP) in 1977, as well as political training courses. The ideology of the Zürich branch was also reinforced, and the rhetoric hardened, which resulted in the best election result for the Zürich branch in fifty years in the 1979 federal election, with an increase from 11.3% to 14.5%. This was contrasted with the stable level in the other cantons, although the support also stagnated in Zürich through the 1980s. 

Rise of the new SVP (1990s–present)

The struggle between the SVP's largest branches of Bern and Zürich continued into the early 1990s. While the Bern-oriented faction represented the old moderate style, the Zürich-oriented wing led by Christoph Blocher represented a new radical right-wing populist agenda. The Zürich wing began to politicise asylum issues, and the question of European integration started to dominate Swiss political debates. They also adopted more confrontational methods. The Zürich-wing followingly started to gain ground in the party at the expense of the Bern-wing, and the party became increasingly centralised as a national party, in contrast to the traditional Swiss system of parties with loose organisational structures and weak central powers. During the 1990s, the party also doubled its number of cantonal branches (to eventually be represented in all cantons), which strengthened the power of the Zürich-wing since most new sections supported their agenda. 

In 1991, the party for the first time became the strongest party in Zürich, with 20.2% of the vote. The party broke through in the early 1990s in both Zürich and Switzerland as a whole, and experienced dramatically increasing results in elections. From being the smallest of the four governing parties at the start of the 1990s, the party by the end of the decade emerged as the strongest party in Switzerland. At the same time, the party expanded its electoral base towards new voter demographics. The SVP in general won its best results in cantons where the cantonal branches adopted the agenda of the Zürich wing. In the 1999 federal election, the SVP for the first time became the strongest party in Switzerland with 22.5% of the vote, a 12.6% share increase. This was the biggest increase of votes for any party in the entire history of the Swiss proportional electoral system, which was introduced in 1919. 

As a result of the remarkable increase in the SVP's popularity, the party gained a second ministerial position in the Federal Council in 2003, which was taken by Christoph Blocher. Before this, the only SVP Federal Councillor had always been from the moderate Bern wing. The 2007 federal election still confirmed the SVP as the strongest party in Switzerland with 28.9% of the vote and 62 seats in the National Council, the largest share of the vote for any single party ever in Switzerland. However, the Federal Council refused to re-elect Blocher, who was replaced by Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf of the moderate Graubünden branch. In response, the national SVP withdrew its support from Widmer-Schlumpf and its other Federal Councillor, fellow SVP moderate Samuel Schmid, from the party, along with Widmer-Schlumpf's whole cantonal section. The SVP thus formed the first opposition group in Switzerland since the 1950s.

In 2008, the SVP demanded that Widmer-Schlumpf resign from the Federal Council and leave the party. When she refused, the SVP demanded that its Grisons branch expel her. Since Swiss parties are legally federations of cantonal parties, the federal SVP could not expel her itself. The Grisons branch stood by Widmer-Schlumpf, leading the SVP to expel it from the party. Shortly afterward, the Grisons branch reorganised itself as the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP). Soon afterward, virtually all of the SVP's Bern branch, including Schmid, defected to the new party. The SVP regained its position in government in late 2008, when Schmid was forced to resign due to a political scandal, and was replaced with Ueli Maurer.

The 2011 federal election put an end to the continuous progression of the SVP since 1987. The party drew 26.6% percent of the vote, a 2.3-point decrease from the previous elections in 2007. This loss could be partly attributed to the split of the BDP, which gained 5.4% of the vote in 2011. However the SVP rebounded strongly in the 2015 federal election, gathering a record 29.4% of the national vote and 65 seats in parliament. Media attributed the rise to concerns over the European migrant crisis. The SVP gained a second member in the Federal Council again, with Guy Parmelin replacing Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf after the party's election gains.

Ideology

The SVP adheres to national conservatism, aiming at the preservation of Switzerland's political sovereignty and a conservative society. Furthermore, the party promotes the principle of individual responsibility and is skeptical toward any expansion of governmental services. This stance is most evident in the rejection of an accession of Switzerland to the European Union, the rejection of military involvement abroad, and the rejection of increases in government spending on social welfare and education.

The emphasis of the party's policies lie in foreign policy, immigration and homeland security policy as well as tax and social welfare policy. Among political opponents, the SVP has gained a reputation as a party that maintains a hard-line stance.

UIKP

Overview

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Ideology

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Reform UK

Overview

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Ideology

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Vox

Overview

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Ideology

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Alternative für Deutschland

Overview

The Alternative for Germany (German: Alternative für Deutschland, AfD) is a right-wing populist and Eurosceptic political party in Germany.

Founded in April 2013, the party won 4.7% of the votes in the 2013 federal election, narrowly missing the 5% electoral threshold to sit in the Bundestag. In 2014 the party won 7.1% of the votes and 7 out of 96 German seats in the European election, and subsequently joined the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group until its exclusion in April 2016. As of September 2016 the AfD had gained representation in ten of the 16 German state parliaments. The party is currently led by Frauke Petry and Jörg Meuthen.

At the outset AfD presented itself as conservative and middle-class, catering to a well-educated demographic as more than two-thirds of its initial supporters held doctorates, giving it the nickname the "professors' party". The party was described as professors and academics who dislike the compromises inflicted on their purist theories by German party politics. 86% of the party's initial supporters were male.

Because the 2013 federal election was the first fought by the party, the AfD had not received any federal funds in the run-up to it, but after receiving 2 million votes it crossed the threshold for party funding and was expected to receive an estimated 1.3 to 1.5 million Euro per year of state subsidies.

The AfD held a party conference on 25 January 2014 at F.a.n. Frankenstolz Arena, Aschaffenburg, northwest Bavaria. The conference chose the slogan Mut zu Deutschland ("Courage [to stand up] for Germany") to replace the former slogan Mut zur Wahrheit (lit. "Courage [to speak] the truth" or, more succinctly, "Telling it as it is"), which prompted disagreement among the federal board that the party could be seen as too anti-European. Eventually a compromise was reached by using the slogan "MUT ZU D*EU*TSCHLAND, with the "EU" in "DEUTSCHLAND" encircled by the 12 stars of the EU's Flag of Europe.

By May 2015, the party became polarised into two factions, one centred around Lucke and his core economic policies and another group led by Petry, which favoured an anti-immigration approach. The result was a split of Lucke's fraction leaving to found a new party: the Alliance for Progress and Renewal.

Ideology and policies

The AfD was founded as a Centre-right politics|centre-right conservative party of the middle class with a basis on 'soft' Euroscepticism, being generally supportive of Germany's membership of the European Union but critical of further European integration, the existence of the euro currency, and the bailouts by the eurozone for countries such as Greece. The party also advocated support for Swiss-style direct democracy, dissolution of the Eurozone, opposition to immigration, and opposed gay marriage.

Political extremes

Alternative for Germany party organisers have been sending out the message that they are not trying to attract right-wing radicals. The AfD check applicants for membership to exclude far-right and former National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) members who support the anti-Euro policy (as other mainstream German political parties do). The party toned down rhetoric on their Facebook page following media allegations that it too closely evoked the language of the far-right. Former party chairman Bernd Lucke initially defended the choice of words, citing freedom of opinion, and a right to use "strong words", meanwhile he has also said that "The applause is coming from the wrong side" in regards to praise his party gained from the National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD). Outside the Berlin hotel where the party held its inaugural meeting, it has been alleged that copies of Junge Freiheit, a weekly that is also popular with the far-right were being handed out. The Rheinische Post pointed out that some AfD members and supporters write for the conservative paper Junge Freiheit. There was also a protest outside the venue of the party’s inaugural meeting by Andreas Storr, an NPD representative in the Landtag of Saxony, as the NPD sees the AfD as a rival for eurosceptic votes.

An investigation conducted by the internet social analytic company Linkfluence showed little to no similarities in Facebook likes of AfD followers and those of the NPD supporter base.

Family and equal opportunities

According to its interim electoral manifesto, the party wants to reintroduce the traditional family patterns.

Environment

The party denies anthropogenic factors in the role of global warming. Therefore the party criticizes the energy transformation policies (Energiewende) in Germany; for instance, the party wants to stop "uncontrolled expansion of wind energy".

Conscription

AfD wants a reinstatement of conscription, starting for men at the age of 18.

General

UKIP and the AfD were at first classified as a populist and pro-democracy conservative movement, but the recent swing to the right by UKIP had lead to there reclassification as far-right poularists as of about 2013-2014 in public oppinion. The AfD faced a similar reclasification a year later in thire public and media opinion.

Common Europe-wide Eurosceptic tropes

Also see- Popular UK tropes and known stereotypes about Eurosceptics.

Spanish farming in late 2016 and early 2017

The British supply of couchettes, broccoli and lettuce imploded from December 2016 due to cold weather and stocks ran low in the UK by January 2017. The bad weather had devastated farms in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Kosovo, Romania, Albania, mainland Greece and mainland Spain, as well as causing some damage in parts of southern France, Italy, Bosnia and Portugal’s mainland territory. The facts were soon forgotten in the bilesum rhetoric that soon followed.

Eurosceptics veered between it being a faliuer of the transport system (ie the ship sunk and\or the cargo went moldy) and the belief that the EU had deliberately ruined crops by for example switching fertilizer with weedkiller at the corporate depot the farmers bought it at. They also go fixated that it was a EU run trade blocked lead by Germany or they had forcibly taken the stuff of the farmers and back to Germany. It was also held that Greece was a sub-human, pre-industrial and quazi-polar country that was better off dead and were conspiring with Germany and Portugal to ruin Spain and the UK.

Eurosceptic pushed the idea of food self-sufficiency, which the BNP had previously raised in the mid-1990s to no avail. The Eurosceptics doubted the quality, morality and reliability of any imports unlike the BNP who only mentioned reliability as an issue. The BNP had also raised issues that they confessed they were stopped on such as coconuts only growing in warm climates and heavy UK wheat imports from the USA, unlike the Eurosceptic which they ignore or denied.

Brexit?

The term "Brexit"

Brexit (like its early variant, "Brixit") is a portmanteau of "British" and "exit". It was derived by analogy from "Grexit", referring to a hypothetical withdrawal of Greece from the eurozone (and possibly also the EU). The term "Brexit" may have first been used in reference to a possible UK withdrawal from the EU by Peter Wilding in a Euractiv blog post on 15 May 2012. The terms "hard Brexit" and "soft Brexit" are much used unofficially, and are understood to describe the prospective relationship between the UK and the EU after withdrawal, ranging from hard, that could involve the UK trading with the EU like any other non-EU-member country under World Trade Organisation rules but with no obligation to accept free movement of people, to soft, that might involve retaining membership of the EU single market for goods and services and at least some free movement of people, according to European Economic Area rules.

General history

Opinion polls taken after EU accession in 1973 until the end of 2015 generally revealed popular British support for EEC or EU membership. Similarly, in the United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum of 1975, two-thirds of British voters favoured membership. A clear exception was the year 1980, the first full year of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's term of office, when the highest ever rejection of membership was measured, with 65% opposed to and 26% in favour of membership.

After Thatcher had negotiated a rebate of British membership payments in 1984, those favouring the EEC maintained a lead in the opinion polls, except during 2000, as Prime Minister Tony Blair aimed for closer EU integration including adoption of the euro currency, and around 2011, as immigration into the United Kingdom became increasingly noticeable. As late as December 2015 there was, according to ComRes, a clear majority in favour of remaining in the EU, albeit with a warning that voter intentions would be considerably influenced by the outcome of Prime Minister David Cameron's ongoing EU reform negotiations, especially with regards to the two issues of "safeguards for non-Eurozone member states" and "immigration". The following events are relevant.

The British always regarded the EU with suspicion ever since the Maastricht Treaty was drafted in 1992. UKIP, Voters again Europe and the Referendum Party formed to campaign on a UK wide referendum over whether the UK should join or not.

The growing union of and between nations, as well as the idea of EU citizenship, Romania joining the EU, increasing EU bureaucracy and as single EU state made many people fearful and distrustfully towards the EU.

The 2008 economic crash was caused by recklessness and criminality in the Icelandic, American and British economy, but the UK and USA refused to see the truth, with the prior blaming the EU and the latter openly threatening Mexico and China.

As the world's economy imploded and even a Belorussian and a Bosnian bank went broke, the EU fell in to chaos and Greece was fiscally destroyed. 

Germany had shifted more to the right under the CDU and its power-hungry leader, Angela Merkel, as a result of this event. There mean and fiscally counter-productive plans would totally destroy the Greek economy.

British fear of the Euro, Greek economic contagion, Greek economic decline, the EU shoveling Syrian\Afghan\Iraqi\Iraqi Kurdish refugees about, ever growing EU bureaucracy, inter-member economic squabbling, lost sovereignty, German economic domination and perceived German egotism drove a wedge between the UK and the EU from 2010 onward. Islamophobia, Slavophobia, Russophoba, Anti-Semitism, Europhobia, Polonophobia, Magyarphobia and Bosniaphobia became a growing minority obsession in England after 2012.

There had been a lot of factually dubious or exaggerated anti-EU stories about eastern Europeans in the UK media since the millennium.

A 5 man Romanian crime gang went on trial over a £120,000 14 thefts in 3 months in Ribble Valley, Lancashire on the 3rd of June, 2013.

The EU was falsely accused in some tabloid newspapers of single handedly undermining the UK economy and of siding with Romanian criminal gangs in various nations. Germany's mean spirited plans could have not worked in the UK without the help of the UK government and officials. As the Western economies folded the British blamed the Poles for taking their jobs as immigration from Africa and the Indian sub-continent went in to hyper-drive. UKIP had replaced the BNP by 2013 as the UK's leading racist/immigrant hating party.

41 year old Latvian crook, Arnis Zalkalns, murdered 14 year old Alice Gross early in the year and as the year ended a 4 man Polish gang launched a brutal attack on a top London law school academic after being let through Britain’s open border controls despite horrific criminal records. The UK government was the accused by the media and some Latvian officials of only letting crooks and not nice or useful people in.

As time went on, UKIP became a champion of the far-right and the darling of the UK tabloid papers, especially the Mail and Express. Their constant claims about Islamic terrorists, immigrants and the EU were soon discredited by the TV and radio news, all political parties bar UKIP and the Tory leadership, experts, universities, the EU, the UN, the Arab League, charities, firms and NGOs. Any indiscretion by a Middle Easterners and Asians was held as a norm, whilst Blacks were treated fairly and only the worst of Whites were exposed.

The constant torrent of dubious, false or misrepresented stories boomed due to the Syrian, Eritrean and Iraqi immigration crisis. Many EU nations refused to co-operate with the EU dispersal plan lead to Greece, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Italy, Romania and the former Yugoslavia becoming a dustbin for immigrants. The attempted cover-up over the Cologne station and Stockholm rock concert rape gangs gave more fodder to the very people they feared the truth would aggravate. The British media claimed they ere all crooks and the steady drift of endearing and hapless immigrants had become a mindless conquering horde as on the beaches of Greece, which it had not.

The dead Syrian refugee, Aylan Kurdi, was found dead in Bodrum, Turkey, 2 Sep 2015. He becomes a cause celebra. He's is believed to have been born in Kobanî, Syria. Aylan Kurdi's beach death photo was soon proven in 2015 to be a fake, UKIP then chime in and denied he even existed.

Germany had shifted more to the far-right under the CDU and its power-hungry leader, Angela Merkel, as a result of this event. Germany would finaly dumped its interest in civilized politics by 2014, with most people hating immigrants of any kinde and many voting far-right (ether CDU, Eurosceptics or neo-Nazis) in the regional elections of 2014 and 2015.

The Tories wanted to crack down on Eastern European immigration and their rights once in the UK. UKIP blended the longstanding fear of EU bureaucracy, the ailing Euro (€), Anglo-Irish economic decline, Polonaphobia, Islamaphobia and Syrian refuge worries in to a ugly new anti-EU cabal. They implied wanted to end all UK treaties, overseas relations, trade, tourist, immigration and ethnic communities.

Some Tories wanted a mass passport stripping and\or expulsion of EU nationals, especially Poles, from the UK. Hungary lead Eastern European whinging for more EU cash and the violent expulsion of non-natives.

Both NATO and the USA became concerned that a isolationist UK brawling with a gaggle of post-EU Neo-Nazi/Neo-Faschist European nations would ruin the alliance and undermine the world's operation to Vladmir Putin. Anti-Europeans condemned President Obama's concerned and expressed there dislike of NATO to. Israel soon backed the USA's remarks. Some Tories and many UKIP members wanted a mass passport stripping and\or expulsion of EU nationals, especially Poles, along with Syrian and Iraqi refugees from the UK; whilst otheres wanted to immitate the xenophobic and isolationes state of Hungary.

The EU, European journalists organizations and the OSCE media rep all slammed Poland’s new media law on the 31st of December, 2015, which gives government more control over public TV and radio and the right to appoint officials to top broadcast posts. Many Polish citizens held protest rallies against it to.

UKIP used the fact that immigrants commited Brussels Attacks to make the Brexit's then leading case. Nigel Farage was s called "shameful" by David Cammeron for using the Brussels attacks to make the case for the UK to leave the European Union. Mike Hookem said the attacks illustrated that freedom of movement in the bloc was a 'security threat'. UKIP calls for the ethnic cleansing of all immigrants, the closure of all borders and leavening the EU. 

Pro-EU Labour MP, Jo Cox, was murdered at her meating in the village's library with a local man and woman who were wounded in the attack, by a mentally ill, xenophobe and long term fascist. MPs and councilors, lead by both the SNP leader, Nicola Stuergion, and the Prime minister, David Cameron, condemmed the attack. Themedia, like most people, reacted with mix of shock, surprise, fear, sorrow and disgust at the killing. Deputy UKIP leader, Paul Nuttall, and some local branches, including- Bately, Brighton and Hillingdon, broke party ranks and officially condemned her death. The national web page acknowledged the fact after 2 days, unlike the local UKIP branches and the 5 main parties official web sites (Conservative, SNP, Liberal Democrats, Greens and SNP), that did it with in 24 hours on there web pages.

UKIP had unvieled a poster in London 2 hours before Jo Cox's death that showed a que of Middle Easterners in a field with the words "Breaking point." written over there heads. Both the BBC and ITV commented it was politically risky and some interviewed people thought it was racist or racily prejudiced.

The pro-EU Chancellor, George Osborne, said it had the "echoes" of far right literature from the 1930s and could be considered racially prejudiced. The pro-EU Scottish First Minister, Nicola Sturgeon, pro-EU Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond and the anti-EU Labour MP John Mann also condemned it. Later anti-EU cabinet minister, Michael Gove, slammed the UKIP poster, Jo Cox's 's death and UKIP's obsession with kicking out all immigrants.

The UKIP leader, Nigel Farage insisted the growing "row" over the poster would have not happened if Jo Cox had not been brutally killed. He said the timing was bad luck (which is unerverasly agreed by almost every one), that he was not racist, Jo Cox's death was unimportant in the debate, we was being witch-hunted, did not get why people were making a fuss, that the UK was full of useless immigrants and that the bloke that murmured Jo Cox's was not encourage or inspired by their hatred to all foringers (which is unerverasly agreed by almost every one).

Government peer, Baroness Warsi, left the anti-EU 'Brexit' camp and joined the pro-EU 'Remain' camp in disgust at the rowing racism in the anti-EU debate. The government's ex-London mayor candidate, Boris Johnson, told a BBC journalist he did not want a "narrow-minded, close-minded, inward-looking or discriminatory Brexit plan" when challenged over recent events.

Lead by the likes of Nigel Farage and Boris Johnson, they are thriving on the perfect storm made by the colliding refugee crisis, terrorist threat and continued global financial difficulty, believing a far right\Euroceptic political narrative that bore little resemblance to the empirical truth as the parties' supposed experts conflated issues as gave broad brush stroke answers to any questions that applied to the crucial issues they didn’t want to confront or were found to be confused about.

The EU vs. a Brexit

Some Tories and many UKIP members wanted a mass passport stripping and\or expulsion of EU nationals, especially Poles, along with Syrian and Iraqie refugees from the UK. 

Both NATO and the USA became concerned that things would finaly end in a isolationist UK brawling with a gaggle of post-EU Faschist European nations would ruin the alliance and undermine the world's operation to Vladmir Putin. Israel has backed the American's comments. The G7, OECD, Toyota, HSBC and IMF are also concerned by the risk of Europe's economy being torn apart by infighting. 

• France- End immigration treaties and expel its illegal immigrants in to the UK. Blockade the UK, like the USA did Cuba in the Cold War.
• EU- End cut price mobile phone roaming fees, charge a massive surcharge on UK holiday bookings in the EU nations and expel the UK from the EEA.
• Italy- Blockade the UK, like the USA did Cuba in the Cold War?
• Hungary- Cease UK assets in Hungary and violently expelled British people.
• Poland- Have a anti-UK mass passport stripping and\or expulsion of UK nationals, especially if the UK dose it to Poles living in the UK. Eventualy a USA vs. Cold War Cuba style blockaded, if not a war in due time. 
• Spain- Conquer the Rock of Gibraltar. Blockade the UK, like the USA did Cuba in the Cold War.
• IMF- Drive Greece in to bankruptcy.
• Germany- Destroy the European as well as UK economy, invade the UK and declare, start racist persecution of the British on racist lines and declare the EU a French\German run de-facto (republican) empire with Germany in charge.
• Ireland- End all relations with the UK
• Ryan Air - End all new projects in the UK
• Luxembourg for the EU as a whole-
  • Ban UK trade with the EU or the imposition of heavy trade tariffs;
  • Throw out all British citizens.
  • Support for Spain’s racist claim over Gibraltar;
  • Encourage French and German and ban English;
  • Withdrawal of British eligibility for Interail and ERASMUS placements;
  • A ban on BBC period dramas.
  • Undermine City of London and shift the EU’s financial hub to Frankfurt or Paris;
  • Deportation of British criminals in EU prisons to Turkey, in exchange for refugees in Turkey.

Euroseceptic informal\illicit response to Brexit

• A 500% rise in racist attacks, especially Jews, French, Poles, Arabs, Muslims and Ukrainians.
• The volentery, if not forced violent (in the Soke of Peterborough and Huntingtonshire) expulsion of non-natives, especial Poles, Arabs, Muslims and Jews.
• Promote the far right across Europe, especially the AfD of Germany, the Front Nacional of France and Jobik of Hungary.
• Persecute Remain voters.
• Start encouraging relations with New Zealand and Iran.
• Demand free heath care in France for tourists, but denies the same to French in the UK.

EU official\unconstitutional response to Brexit

• Germany- Banned from trade with the EU as a whole. Demands all the duties of EU membership, but none of the privileges. Threatens to sever relations and even close embassy.
• France- Banned from trade with the EU as a whole. Demands all the duties of EU membership, but none of the privileges.
• Italy- Banned from trade with the EU as a whole. Demands all the duties of EU membership, but none of the privileges.
• Spain- Banned from trade with the EU as a whole. Demands all the duties of EU membership, but none of the privileges. Threatens to sever relations and even close embassy.
• Slovakia- Business as usual.
• Ireland- Business as usual.
• Poland- Business as usual.
• German Auto-industry- Business as usual.
• German government- business as usual.
• Denmark- A call for compromise and a trade deal similar to the EU-Canada one or EEA membership.
• EU president Donald Tusk- A call for compromise and a trade deal similar to the EU-Canada one or EEA membership.

Brexit: The Movie

Brexit: The Movie is a crowdfunded 2016 British documentary film written and directed by Martin Durkin, advocating for the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, commonly called "Brexit" (a portmanteau of "Britain" or "British" and "exit").

The European Union: In or Out

The European Union: In or Out is a British television debate that was first broadcast on BBC Two on 2 April 2014. The hour-long live debate between Nick Clegg and Nigel Farage was hosted by David Dimbleby. Questions came from the audience, with an equal number of people for and against British membership of the European Union. A radio debate between Clegg and Farage on LBC, hosted by Nick Ferrari, was broadcast one week before the televised debate.

The debate was broadcast ahead of the European Parliament election, 2014 and was set across the backdrop of a proposed referendum on United Kingdom membership of the European Union.

According to a 2017 BBC documentary

According to a 2017 BBC documentary panorama life in immigration town raised the following points about life in 2017 in Slough.

1. Spanish moved over here to flee their dying nation*.
2. Council houses are not given preferentially to Eastern Europeans.
3. The ethnic groups are ~34% Anglos, ~51% Poles and ~24% the rest of the world\non-white British.
4. Poles and Romanians are willing to flog themselves harder than Anglos\Blacks\Asians in factories who'a Anglo bosses are Anglophobeic anyhow.
5. Roma are a disorderly and misunderstood rabble nobody loves anyhow.
6. Asians think Roma are rude.
7. Blacks said they came in the 1950s when the government wanted extra labour, but the Poles now come to act as cheap labour for mean bosses.
8. No one welcomed or wanted the Poles in 2007 or 2017**.
9. Anglos want to leave since they are immigrant phobic.
10. Slough is booming, but on the back of a large and willing pool of Slavic slave*** labour.
11. The Poles think they have the right and duty to take over. They think Anglos are a inferior people.
12. The self proclaimed national loyalties are:
    1. Roma= British\Roma and or Romania.
    2. Poles= British\Polish (kids and teens), but Polish (adults)
    3. Romanians= British (kids)
    4. Blacks= British (adults)
    5. Coloreds= British (adults)
    6. Asians= British (adults)
    7. Anglos= British (adults)
    8. Irish= No interviews
    9. Italians= No interviews
    10. French= No interviews

.*They now beat up our ex-pats in Spain (as of 2012). .** Who don't like Anglos either by 2017. .*** Better than what they got back homeland (as of 2012).

EU regional aid Vs Ebbw Vale in Wales

The A465 road Heads of the Valleys road has many places like Ebbw Vale and Abergavenny along its route. It has loads of regional aid that has come over the years after the mines and steel mills closed. All Eurosceptics deny this at least in part if not in whole. UKIP has erronusly said at times to the locals that the region is being flooded by non-white and\or Islamic militant immigrants. Ebbw Vale is 98% local Welsh, 99.0%, all Welsh and 99.1% all types of White (overwhelming British with the odd Australian, New Zealander, S. African, Canadian, Pole, Irishman, Frenchman, German, Portuguese and American). Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism have under 1.00% of the population, who are mostly Christian, Agnostic or godless.

Blaenau Gwent has the highest level of severe child poverty in Wales, as revealed by statistical data according to a report by Save the Children.

According to the United Kingdom Census of 2011, 5,284 residents of the county (or 7.8%) can speak the Welsh language, in comparison with 6,417 speakers (or 9.5%) speakers in 2001.

Public panic, protests and riots

As the pro-Brexit lobby, President Deturte's victory, President Maduro's victory and Trump's victory show, if is used to whip up a crowd of frightened, economically devastated, gullible, prejudiced, desperate, ill educated or paranoid people then a politician can land slide to victory in a sea of public fear; possibly even dictatorship. They then stay in office via a mix of lies, tricky, intimidation and fear.

Demography in Boston, Lincolnshire

Population

According to the 2001 census, there were 35,124 people residing in Boston town, of whom 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 5% of the population. 23% of the resident population in Boston were of retirement age. In the 2011 census the Borough of Boston had a population of 64,600 with 15% of the population having been born outside of the UK and 11% having been born in EU accession countries (2001-2011) such as Poland and Lithuania. The non-white population made up 2.4% of the total population in 2011.

Religion

80% of the population are Christians, the next highest religious minority were Hindus making up 0.7%.

Brexit vote

It voted 75.5% for Brexit and is almost entirely racial segregated between White English locals, Other White British and non-White British\immigrants.

The Brexit vote's immediate blowback

Some Eurosceptics wanted a mass passport stripping and\or expulsion of EU nationals, especially Poles, along with Syrian and Iraqie refugees from the UK. Both NATO and the USA became concerned that a isolationist UK brawling with a gaggle of post-EU Neo-Nazi/Neo-Faschist European nations would ruin the alliance and undermine the world's operation to Vladimir Putin. Israel has backed the American's comments. The G7, OECD, Toyota, HSBC and IMF are also concerned by the risk of Europe's economy being torn apart by infighting. 

2010s UK antisemitism debacle

Any sine of counter-Zionism of antisemitism as of 2010 has lead to Labour being officially condemned by parliament, the BNP getting knocked about a bit in the print media, UKIP getting slightly praised in the print media the other parties being ignored over it (mot that some like PC are legally bound by party policy no to hate Jews or any other race). 

False news sites

It is mostly the naive and daft people that fall for False news sites. In addition to this the European Populists, Eurosceptics, Trumpists, Brexitears and UKIP voters have recently shown they are particularly prone to taking anything that matches their political dogma and personal experiences at face value. They see 'truth' as a mirror of their beliefs and not a plausible scenario or reliable source issuing the information. They are obsessed beyond reason with story about immigration, celeb gossip, Islamic plots, communist (AKA- anything left of fascist) and\or Chinese conspiracy stories; thus risk crossing paths with the sort of topics and stories false news issue.

The generation factor

The collapsed standard of living among older people stirred anger amongst the baby boomer generation. They thought they could rebuild build the UK not for the nation's good, but for there own long turm personal gain. The Bishop of London, Richard Chartres, [Anger-bishop-tells-baby-boomer-Senior-church-cleric-dubbed-divisive-unfair-wrong-comments.html condemned babyboomers] and the way today’s ‘fortunate generation’ of retirees born between 1945 and 1965 were draining the nation and living for the most part in luxury.

Their kids were split between what could be termed as relatively normal folk and the Yuppies and or Blairites, who's reckless and semi-criminal boom soon collapsed. This was soon followed by a economically rigged come criminal insane global mess (of which the UK was a leading part of it) that led to a near fatal world collapse ~10 years later in 2008.

The Millennials, who are digitally native, generally enjoy living and working in urban areas, are ill withnarcissism, state\cooperate servile, obsessed with self-entitlement, politically detached, money grubbing, anti-green, ideologically void and sports mad. The non-compliant remnant of current teenagers and most kids are lost, going delinquent, dropping out of society, unwanted and without hope; since they are disowned by their parents and hated by there grand-parents (ironic realy, since this generation called their oldies trash in the 1960's and 1970s). The baby boomers now hate any one that is not them or vasselating to them, calling all change a teenage/immigrant plot against them (ironic realy, since this generation wanted to rewrite socialite's rules in the 1960's and 1970s). The new problem is that 18-45 year old men now regularly kill themselves, especially by suicide by train in the First Great Western zone of operation since ~2015!

The babyboomers condemned their parents for fighting in WW1 and WW2 rather than giving peace a chance, but were glad the Nazis' and Fascists' lost when they were young. It their youth they were marching in the name of peace, love, gay rights and racial unity; but now fall for the neo-Nazis spin and seek to repress the younger generations and entire non-white world, rather than just Nazis' and Fascists' enemies like Jews, gays and Slavs. The love of money, hatred of Mellenials and the desire to blame others for the failings of both them selves and Gen-X. The Bishop of London, Richard Chartres, condemned babyboomers and the way today’s ‘fortunate generation’ of retirees born between 1945 and 1965 were draining the nation and living for the most part in luxury, while Mellenials go with out.

Also see

1. "Little Englanders"
2. 30 popular English Eurosceptic and nationalist myths and false beliefs
3. 17 popular UK Cold War era geopolitical myths and false beliefs
4. Popular UK tropes on Euroscaptics
5. Threat construction
6. A political diorama
7. The political spectrum
8. False news sites
9. Popularisum
10. How Governments become Authoritarian
11. How to tell your election was rigged!?
12. Wedge issues and political cleavage
13. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
14. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
15. Europe
16. European Union
17. The 3rd of September, 2019, Brexit debate
18. 17 popular UK Cold War era geopolitical myths and false beliefs
19. 30 popular English Eurosceptic and nationalist myths and false beliefs
20. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
21. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
22. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
23. A prayer for Europe
24. UK media bias 1991-2017
25. Europe
26. Eurosceptics
27. European Union
28. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
29. UK media bias 1991-2017
30. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
31. A prayer for Europe
32. The truth about air rage
33. What women should wear in the Middle East
34. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
35. British racial stereotypes on Argentina
36. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
37. The European Research Group (The ERG)
38. How the Conservative Party of the UK has changed between 1980 and 2017!
39. Cold War
40. Monetarism
41. Trumpisum
42. Duterteisum
43. World War 2
44. Popularisum
45. Eurosceptics
46. South America
47. European Union
48. False news sites
49. Politically Liberal
50. False news sites
51. Operation Condor
52. A political diorama
53. A political diorama
54. Threat construction
55. A prayer for Europe
56. The political spectrum
57. Terrorist organisations
58. Politically Conservative
59. The 1973 Chilean coup d'état
60. Libertarian Party (United States)
61. The "La Técnica" torture center
62. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
63. Wedge issues and political cleavage
64. Racial conflict in London (1959-1982)
65. How to tell your election was rigged!?
66. Wedge issues and political cleavage
67. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
68. How to tell your election was rigged!?
69. How Governments become Authoritarian
70. House Committee on Un-American Activities
71. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
72. The Modern Y-haplogroup and 19th\20th Century British pseudo-ethnic perceptions
73. Cold War
74. Monetarism
75. Euronews
76. EBU
77. Trumpisum
78. Duterteisum
79. World War 2
80. Popularisum
81. Eurosceptics
82. South America
83. European Union
84. False news sites
85. Politically Liberal
86. False news sites
87. Operation Condor
88. A political diorama
89. A political diorama
90. Threat construction
91. A prayer for Europe
92. The political spectrum
93. Terrorist organisations
94. Politically Conservative
95. The 1973 Chilean coup d'état
96. Libertarian Party (United States)
97. The "La Técnica" torture center
98. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
99. Wedge issues and political cleavage
100. Racial conflict in London (1959-1982)
101. How to tell your election was rigged!?
102. Wedge issues and political cleavage
103. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
104. How to tell your election was rigged!?
105. How Governments become Authoritarian
106. House Committee on Un-American Activities
107. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
108. The Modern Y-haplogroup and 19th\20th Century British pseudo-ethnic perceptions
109. Threat construction
110. A political diorama
111. The political spectrum
112. False news sites
113. Popularisum
114. How Governments become Authoritarian
115. How to tell your election was rigged!?
116. Wedge issues and political cleavage
117. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
118. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
119. Europe
120. European Union
121. The 3rd of September, 2019, Brexit debate
122. 17 popular UK Cold War era geopolitical myths and false beliefs
123. 30 popular English Eurosceptic and nationalist myths and false beliefs
124. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
125. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
126. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
127. A prayer for Europe
128. UK media bias 1991-2017
129. Europe
130. "Little Englanders"
131. 30 popular English Eurosceptic and nationalist myths and false beliefs
132. 17 popular UK Cold War era geopolitical myths and false beliefs
133. Popular UK tropes on Euroscaptics
134. European Union
135. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
136. UK media bias 1991-2017
137. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
138. A prayer for Europe
139. The truth about air rage
140. What women should wear in the Middle East
141. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
142. British racial stereotypes on Argentina
143. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
144. The European Research Group (The ERG)
145. Cold War
146. Monetarism
147. Trumpisum
148. Duterteisum
149. World War 2
150. Popularisum
151. Eurosceptics
152. South America
153. European Union
154. False news sites
155. Politically Liberal
156. False news sites
157. Operation Condor
158. A political diorama
159. A political diorama
160. Threat construction
161. A prayer for Europe
162. The political spectrum
163. Terrorist organisations
164. Politically Conservative
165. The 1973 Chilean coup d'état
166. Libertarian Party (United States)
167. The "La Técnica" torture center
168. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
169. Wedge issues and political cleavage
170. Racial conflict in London (1959-1982)
171. How to tell your election was rigged!?
172. Wedge issues and political cleavage
173. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
174. How to tell your election was rigged!?
175. How Governments become Authoritarian
176. House Committee on Un-American Activities
177. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
178. Cold War
179. Monetarism
180. Euronews
181. EBU
182. Trumpisum
183. Duterteisum
184. World War 2
185. Popularisum
186. Eurosceptics
187. South America
188. European Union
189. False news sites
190. Politically Liberal
191. False news sites
192. Operation Condor
193. A political diorama
194. A political diorama
195. Threat construction
196. A prayer for Europe
197. The political spectrum
198. Terrorist organisations
199. Politically Conservative
200. The 1973 Chilean coup d'état
201. Libertarian Party (United States)
202. The "La Técnica" torture center
203. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
204. Wedge issues and political cleavage
205. Racial conflict in London (1959-1982)
206. How to tell your election was rigged!?
207. Wedge issues and political cleavage
208. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
209. How to tell your election was rigged!?
210. How Governments become Authoritarian
211. House Committee on Un-American Activities
212. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
213. The Modern Y-haplogroup and 19th\20th Century British pseudo-ethnic perceptions
214. Threat construction
215. A political diorama
216. The political spectrum
217. False news sites
218. Popularisum
219. How Governments become Authoritarian
220. How to tell your election was rigged!?
221. Wedge issues and political cleavage
222. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
223. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
224. Europe
225. European Union
226. The 3rd of September, 2019, Brexit debate
     1. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
227. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
228. Politically Fascist and/or Nazi
229. A prayer for Europe
230. UK media bias 1991-2017
231. Europe
232. "Little Englanders"
233. Popular UK tropes on Euroscaptics
234. European Union
235. Politically Communist and/or Socialist
236. UK media bias 1991-2017
237. Ebbw Vale Steelworks
238. A prayer for Europe
239. The truth about air rage
240. What women should wear in the Middle East
241. The (Jewish) Rothschild Family conspiracy theory
242. British racial stereotypes on Argentina
243. Eurosceptics and "Little Englanders"
244. The European Research Group (The ERG)

Explanation

Due to Wikia's/Fandom's rules on page lengths and the sear number of sources, the links to Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis pages’ sources are here: Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 1, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 2, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 3, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 4, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 5, Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 6 and Outside sources for the page: Fascists, Eurosceptics and Nazis 7.