Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 - 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the leader of Egypt from 1954 to 1970, first as Prime Minister and then as President. After co-leading the 1952 Revolution, he introduced drastic land reforms in 1953. After an assassination attempt in 1954 by the Muslim Brotherhood, he banned the organization and placed President Mohamed Naguib under house arrest, assuming the executive role. He was formally elected as president in 1956.
He gained extreme popularity throughout Egypt and the Arab world following the nationalization of the Suez Canal and victory in the following Suez Crisis. He frequently called for Arab unification, culminating in the formation of a union with Syria known as the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Starting in 1962, he pushed forward numerous socialist and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite obstacles to his pan-Arab movement, his supporters had reached power throughout the Arab world by 1963. He soon became entrenched in the North Yemen Civil War and the subsequent Arab Cold War, however. He was re-elected president in 1965, following the outlawing of opposition candidates from running. He briefly resigned as president in 1967 following defeat in the Six Day War against Israel, but resumed office after demonstrations started supporting his return. In 1968 he appointed himself prime minister and started the War of Attrition in an attempt to regain lost territories, along with starting the process of depoliticizing the military and introducing new liberal reforms. This ended after the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, where Nasser died from a heart attack. Five million mourners travelled to his funeral in Cairo and mass grief was felt throughout the entire Arab world.
Nasser remains a famous figure throughout the Arab world, primarily for his pushes towards Arab unity and social justice, along with modernization and anti-Imperialism in Egypt. He is also remembered for the cultural boom in Egypt during his presidency and the supporting of large-scale projects like the Aswan Dam and the city of Helwan. However, Nasser is also criticized in Egypt for leading a regime that imprisoned dissidents and banned opposing candidates. Islamists particularly remember him for his persecution of the Muslim Brotherhood. He is also criticized for establishing the foundation of personal power in the presidency, establishing the precedent of dictatorial military rule through the presidency in Egypt.
| Communist world! (1922-1991) | |
|---|---|
| The Warsaw Pact and the military | Warsaw Pact - People's Republic of Albania (left) - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- Warsaw Pact Rail - USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - Romanian Popular Republic - Romanian People's Republic - Soviet 5.45x39mm - Soviet Southern Group of Forces -Seven days to the River Rhine (1979) - Jüterbog Airfield -Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Brezhnev Doctrine - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Archangelsk Navel base - Kaliningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory - Burevestnik Airport - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle - Red Army - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Eastern bloc - Tupolev Tu-160- 9M14 Malyutka - RPG-7 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95 - M73 Spetsnaz Boot - M73 Romanian helmet |
| The Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (ComEcom) nations |
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - SovRoms - Mongolian People's Republic - Cuba - Vietnam - North Vietnam - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic - USSR - Mongolian People's Republic - People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - People's Republic of Albania (left) - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (never fully joined) - Romanian Popular Republic -Romanian People's Republic - North Korea (de facto, but not [de jure to avoid worrying the PRC) - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (wanted to join, but never got round to doing so) - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - Eastern bloc |
| Other Soviet allies. | People's Republic of the Congo - People's Republic of Benin – Republic of Seychelles – Democratic Republic of Madagascar - Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia - People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia - People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) - Junta of National Reconstruction (Nicaragua) - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - People's Democratic Republic of Algeria - Jamaica - Grenada |
| The ones with nukes | USSR - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95 - People's Republic of China |
| The inter-communist splits | Sino-Soviet Split - USSR -Tankie Communists - Zhou Enlai - Nikita Khrushchev - Mao Zedong - Pol Pot - People's Republic of China - Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) - People's Republic of Albania - The inter-communist splits |
| The end of it | Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Fall of the Berlin wall - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Dissolution of the Soviet Union - Singing Revolution - Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union- The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Chernobyl disaster -Glasnost - Perestroika |
| Economics | Sakhalin Island - Life under communism - Food cards- Collective farms- Yugoslavian Agricoles - Political Committee of the Communist Party of China - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - The Agrokomerc Affair - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Eastern bloc - Gorki Auto Plant - GAZ Group Holding - ZiL |
| Politics and Geo-politics | Sakhalin Island - Stalin Monument (Budapest) - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Khrushchev Thaw- Tito–Stalin Split- Life under communism - Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - Cold War - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - Russian and Soviet Leaders between 1917 and 2018 - Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing- Closed Soviet locations - Gulags - Berlin Wall - Détente - Sino-Soviet Split - Brezhnev Doctrine - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation -Glasnost - Perestroika - Kuril Islands - Rybachy Peninsula - Kaliningrad Oblast - Eastern bloc - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union - 1952 Egyptian revolution -Sandinistas - Cuban Revolution - Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 |
| Technology and outer space | Sputnik 1 - Soviet Space Program - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive -Soviet MSI nMOS chip - Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin - Chernobyl disaster - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle -Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)- The Space Race - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Vostok rocket-Soyuz rocket - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Zenit 2 - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Phobos 1 |
| People | Stalin Monument (Budapest) - Vladimir Lenin - Leonid Brezhnev - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Nikita Khrushchev - Joseph Stalin - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Mikhail Gorbachev - Ho Chi Minh - Fidel Castro - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Mohammad Najibullah - Maurice Bishop - Zhou Enlai - Salvador Allende - Dr. Kwame Nkrumah - Gamal Abdel Nasser - Pol Pot - Michael Manley - Maurice Bishop - Colonel Muammar Gaddafi |
| Important places | Sakhalin island - Moscow - Nakhodka Port - Gorki Auto Plant - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Arkangelsk Navel base - Kalinningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory -Burevestnik Airport- Jüterbog Airfield - Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Kuril Islands - Berlin Wall - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Rybachy Peninsula - St. Petersburg - Closed Soviet locations - Kaliningrad Oblast - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc -KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome |
| Systems of state repression | What is a police state? - Státní bezpečnost/Štátna bezpečnosť (StB/ŠtB) - Committee for State Security (KGB) - Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye (GRU) - Stasi - Securitate -Gulag - Political disappearances - Berlin Wall - A Bulgarian umbrella assassination – Komitet za dǎržavna sigurnost (CSS) - Censorship East Germany - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union |
| The political heretics who were
not really true communists |
People's Republic of Albania (criminal dictatorship) - Mao Zedong (mad) - Enver Hoxha (a mafia don) - Pol Pot (evil) - Nicolae Ceauşescu (evil) - Democratic Kampuchea (evil) - Khmer Rouge (evil) - The PRC (evil then state capitalist) - Communist Party of Kampuchea (evil) - The Shining Path (evil) - North Korea (despotism)- Red Brigades (in Italy) (criminal syndicate) - Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) (criminal syndicate) - Daniel Ortega (evil) - Kim Il-Sung (despot) - People's Republic of China (evil then state capitalist) - Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (evil) - People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (evil) - Somali Democratic Republic (Black nationalist) – People's Republic of Mozambique (Black nationalist) – People's Republic of Angola (criminal syndicate) - People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Junta of National Reconstruction (Nicaragua) (evil) - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (evil) - People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (not fully communist) - Grenada (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Jamaica (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (not fully communist) - Michael Manley (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Maurice Bishop (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Colonel Muammar Gaddafi (evil) |
| The founding nations | Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Transcaucasian SFSR - Bukharan People's Soviet Republic - Khorezm People's Soviet Republic - Tashkent Soviet -Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Bolshevik Party |
| Bolshevik\Soviet annexations | Estonia (annexed) - Latvia (annexed) - Lithuania (annexed) - Kaliningrad Oblast (annexed) - Finnish Civil War (the Reds lost) - Mongolian People's Republic (annexation failed) - The Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Tuvan People's Republic (annexed) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - State of Buryat-Mongolia (annexed) - Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - Kronstadt Republic (crushed) - Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB) (crushed)- The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) (crushed) |
| Other former European, Central Asian
and Iranian puppet or client states |
Litbell - Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) - Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic - Soviet Republic of Naissaar - Latvian SSR of 1919-1920 - The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) - Bolshavik Russia - Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic- West Ukrainian People's Republic - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - Hungarian Soviet Republic - People's State of Bavaria - Bavarian Soviet Republic - The Soviet Republic of Odessa - Kiev called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) - Petrograd Soviet - East Turkestan Republic (ETR) - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Soviet Republic of Gilan - Azerbaijan People's Government - Republic of Mahabad (1946) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Other stuff | Life under communism - Sputnik 1- Khrushchyovka - When is not a Yugo to a Yugo? - Soviet Space Program - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars- Vietnam War - 1950–1953 Korean War - Family in the Soviet Union - Radio Moscow - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Soviet medals - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros - The Agrokomerc Affair - Peruvian conflict - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement - Cambodian genocide - The Jewish Holocaust and Roma Porajmos in the Baltic states - Italian Communist Party -"Reds under the bed" - The Holodomor - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution - Sandinistas - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - Viet Cong - Pathet Lao - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - New Jewel Movement - The 'false' Cold War theory - All the Communist countries during the Cold War - People's Liberation Army (of China) - People's Republic of China - GAZ Group Holding -Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) - Polish United Workers' Party |