Integrated circuits

Robert Noyce invented the first monolithic integrated circuit in 1959. The chip was made out of silicon. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/8267615769/sizes/o/in/photostream/. Author: Intel Free Press.

Package sample for single in-line (SIL) devices. The big flange is a 'heat sink' that dissipates excessive heat that would destroy the IC if it was not vented off. Attribution: I, NobbiP.

A Soviet MSI nMOS chip made in 1977, part of a four-chip calculator set designed in 1970. Early USSR made integrated circuit. The tiny block of semiconducting material (the "die"), is enclosed inside the round, metallic case (the "package").

Small-outline integrated circuit. This package has 14 "gull wing" leads protruding from the two long sides and a lead spacing of 0.050 inches.

A mounted KM1801VM2.

Cross section of a Dual in-line package package. This type of package houses a small semiconducting die, with nanowires attaching the die to the lead frames, allowing for electrical connections to be made to a Printed circuit board.

Integrated circuits

1. SSI small-scale integration and MSI medium-scale integration integrated circuits (1964-71)
2. A Soviet MSI nMOS chip
3. Plessey SL201 integrated circuit
4. Philips TAA320 integrated circuit
5. 555 timer IC
6. Soviet integrated circuit designation
7. Zilog Z80 CPU
8. Soviet K1801VM1 microprocessor
9. Soviet KM1801BM2 microprocessor
10. ZN414 integrated circuit
11. MOS Technology 6502
12. MOS Technology 6532
13. Texas Instruments SN76489

Transistor and IC packing

• For more see: Transistor and IC packing.

A historic linear voltage regulator

1. LM317 adjustable linear voltage regulator

A historic op-amp amplifiers regulator

1. JRC4558D op-amp

Early business and home computers

• Also see: Early business and home computers.

Other early devices

• Also see: Early business and home computers devices.

Images

Soviet KT315b transistors.

Freigelegter Transistorchip eines 2N3055ers. Bipolarer NPN-Transistor, 15A, 60V, Hersteller: ST, Kaufdatum: 2007. Attribution: Stefan Riepl.

A Mullard OC200 and two OC45 transistors from the early 1960s. They show some of the variety of SO-2 packages used at this time. From the top, the OC200 is an early silicon PNP transistor in an aluminium can. Central is a black OC45 germanium transistor in a black-painted glass package. Bottom is an OC45 in a clear glass and blue putty package, with rubber sleeve.

Polish germanium transistors TG50

View of the chip of an MJ1000 (TO-3 case, cover removed). NPN Darlington transistor with diode. Top lead: emitter; bottom lead: base; case: collector. Author: Phomy_pc.

A Mountain of USSR transistors.

Sockets for 16-, 14-, and 8-pin packages.

A КТ819ГМ NPN power transistor (Soviet 2N3055 copy) in TO-3 package.

Modern vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style.

TS7805 linear voltage regulator in a TO-220 variant package with electrically isolated tab.

A KR1801VM1. Author: Konstantin Lanzet.

Three 14-pin (DIP14) plastic dual in-line packages containing IC chips.

Videos

Fairchild Briefing on Integrated Circuits-0

[Recorded: October, 1967] This half hour color promotional/educational film on the integrated circuit was produced and sponsored by Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation and first shown on television on October 11, 1967. In the film, Dr. Harry Sello and Dr. Jim Angell describe the integrated circuit (IC), discuss its design and development process, and offer examples of late 1960s uses of IC technology. It was one of the early forerunners of what would become a worldwide high-tech industry, as evidenced in this short promotional film. Catalog Number: 102651800 Lot Number: X3929.2007

Project Tinkertoy (IC Precursor) 1953 US Navy; Automated Manufacturing of Modular Electronics

Electronics playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA9B0175C3E15B47 more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net Project Tinkertoy was an effort begun in 1950 by the US National Bureau of Standards to devise a system for automated manufacturing of electronic devices built up from modular subsystem components. The resulting products were not smaller or lighter than hand-assembled electronics of the time, but were thought to be more reliable and required less skilled labor. A fourth notch placed between two of the riser wire notches on one edge is provided for use in indexing the wafers to the correct orientation during the assembling processes...

Transistor Full Documentary

Transistored. John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs.

Also see

1. Science
2. Heat sink
3. Ferranti
4. Transistors
5. Electronics
6. Useful metals
7. The YK2\Millennium bug