Changes: Nickel and it's role in the 20th Century

Revision as of 22:07, 11 February 2016

Nickel kugeln — Nickel spheres made by the Mond process.

Whist it may seem strange to connect a metal with the Cold War, but it is non the less connected in it's own unusual way, as do all fuels, phosphates, metals and metal ores. This is why the world obsessed about winning over or capturing many obscure African, Central American, Caribbean and Asian nations.

Oil, coal, gas, uranium and dimonds are mor famouse, but potash, salt, talc, clay, stome and minerals are also a major national asset.

Uses

Turbinenschaufel RB199 — Nickel superalloy jet engine (RB199) turbine blade. Used turbine blade of RR 199.

Nickel2 — Dutch coins made of pure nickel.

Nickel has many wide spread uses and is used in many specific and recognizable industrial and consumer products. These products including stainless steel, alnico magnets, coinage, rechargeable batteries, electric guitar strings, nickel jet engine turbine blade super-alloy (Terbo-Union RB199), Nickel aluminide, thermostat elements, microphone capsules, coinage, magnets, electroplating chip-frying baskets and special alloys. Nickel is used as a binder in the cemented tungsten carbide or hard-metal industry and nickel foam or nickel mesh is used in gas diffusion electrodes for alkaline fuel cells. It is also used for plating and as a green tint in glass. Nickel is used as a binder in the cemented tungsten carbide or hard-metal industry and nickel foam or nickel mesh is used in gas diffusion electrodes for alkaline fuel cells. About 6% of world nickel production is still used for corrosion-resistant pure-nickel plating. Nickel-plated items are noted for provoking nickel allergy

By winning over or conquering the local regimes, vital raw material could supply one side or the other leading to many not immediately obvious, but non the less major changes in industry's out put and eventually in to life in general. This is why the world obsessed about winning over or capturing many obscure African, Central American, Caribbean and Asian nations.

Nickel ores

An economically important source of nickel is the iron ore limonite, which often contains 1-2% nickel. Nickel's other important ore minerals include garnierite, and pentlandite. There are also the nickel-manganese crusts and nodules in the Pacific Ocean similarly active zones.

Mines and major known reserves

Mine production and reserves.
Mine production and reserves (blue tint for African, Caribbean and Asian states).	2012 (metric tons).	2011 (metric tons).	Reserves (metric tons).
Australia	230,000	215,000	20,000,000
Botswana	26,000	26,000	490,000
Brazil	140,000	209,000	7,500,000
Canada	220,000	220,000	3,300,000
China	91,000	89,800	3,000,000
Colombia	80,000	76,000	1,100,000
Cuba	72,000	71,000	5,500,000
Dominican Republic	24,000	21,700	970,000
Indonesia	320,000	290,000	3,900,000
Madagascar	22,000	5,900	1,600,000
New Caledonia	140,000	131,000	12,000,000
Philippines	330,000	270,000	1,100,000
Russia	270,000	267,000	6,100,000
South Africa	42,000	44,000	3,700,000
Other countries	120,000	103,000	4,600,000
World total (metric tons, rounded)	2,100,000	1,940,000	75,000,000

Some lesser deposits also exist in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, the DRC, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Georgia, N. Korea, S. korea, Malaysia, Jamacia, Guinea, Mongolia, Finland and Greece.

Identified land-based resources averaging 1% nickel or greater contain at least 130 million tons of nickel, plus the nickel-manganese crusts and nodules in the Pacific Oceania similarly active zones.

Milling, casting and refining plants

Inco Superstack — The INCO Superstack at the Vale Copper Cliff smelter in Sudbury.

These countries and many more poses milling, casting and refining plans. Major production sites include the Sudbury region in Ontario Canada (which is thought to be of a meteoric (origin), New Caledonia in the Pacific, and Norilsk in Russia. MMC Norilsk Nickel, headquartered in Moscow, is the principal mining operator in the Norilsk-Talnakh operation. The Eagle mine project is a new nickel mine in Michigan upper peninsula that was being constructed in early 2013 and was scedualed to start work in mid-2014.

2015 prices and abundance

Nickel

Abundance earth’s crust: 84 parts per million by weight, 30 parts per million by moles
Abundance solar system: 80 parts per million by weight, 2 parts per million by moles
2015 cost, pure: $7.7 per 100g
2015 cost, bulk: $1.9 per 100g

Uranium

Abundance earth’s crust: 2.7 parts per million by weight, 0.25 parts per million by moles
Abundance solar system: 1 part per billion by weight, 4 parts per trillion by moles
2015 cost, pure: $ per 100g
2015 cost, bulk: $9 per 100g

Gold

Abundance earth’s crust: 4 parts per billion by weight, 0.4 parts per billion by moles
Abundance solar system: 1 part per billion by weight, 10 parts per trillion by moles
2015 cost, pure: $5540 per 100g
2015 cost, bulk: $3800 per 100g

Name sakes

The Soviet nickel mining town of Nikel (Russian: Ни́кель; Finnish: Kolosjoki) is a town in the Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the shores of Lake Kuets-Yarvi 196 kilometers (122 mi) northwest of Murmansk and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from the Norwegian border.

The Population was 12,756 (2010 Census); 16,534 (2002 Census); 21,838 (1989 Census); 18,000 (1973) It was founded by Finland in the early 1930's and taken over by the Russians in the Winter War. It is situated over a massive nickel reserve.

Nikël is a municipality in the Krujë District, Durrës County, western Albania. The population at the 2011 census was 9,518.

Mining and smelting videos

Nickel occurs occasionally free in nature but is mainly found in ores. Its chief ores are pentlandite and pyrrhotite (nickel-iron sulfides), garnierite (nickel-magnesium silicate), millerite (nickel sulfide) and niccolite (nickel arsenic).

Nickel is taken from its ores by roasting and reduction processes which produce a metal of over 75% purity. The Mond process is then used to purify the nickel further.

@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 These countries and many more poses milling, casting and refining plans. Major production sites include the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury_Basin Sudbury region] in Ontario [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada Canada] (which is thought to be of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite meteoric] (origin), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonia New Caledonia] in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean Pacific], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norilsk Norilsk] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia Russia]. MMC Norilsk Nickel, headquartered in Moscow, is the principal mining operator in the Norilsk-Talnakh operation. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_mine_project Eagle mine project] is a new nickel mine in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan Michigan] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan upper peninsula] that was being constructed in early 2013 and was scedualed to start work in mid-2014.
-==2015 price and abundance==
+==2015 prices and abundance==
+*'''Nickel'''
 #Abundance earth’s crust: 84 parts per million by weight, 30 parts per million by moles
 #Abundance solar system: 80 parts per million by weight, 2 parts per million by moles
-#Cost, pure: $7.7 per 100g
+#2015 cost, pure: $7.7 per 100g
-#Cost, bulk: $1.9 per 100g
+#2015 cost, bulk: $1.9 per 100g
+*'''Uranium'''
+#Abundance earth’s crust: 2.7 parts per million by weight, 0.25 parts per million by moles
+#Abundance solar system: 1 part per billion by weight, 4 parts per trillion by moles
+#2015 cost, pure: $ per 100g
+#2015 cost, bulk: $9 per 100g
+*'''Gold'''
+#Abundance earth’s crust: 4 parts per billion by weight, 0.4 parts per billion by moles
+#Abundance solar system: 1 part per billion by weight, 10 parts per trillion by moles
+#2015 cost, pure: $5540 per 100g
+#2015 cost, bulk: $3800 per 100g
 ==Name sakes==

Changes: Nickel and it's role in the 20th Century

Revision as of 22:07, 11 February 2016

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