1945-1991: Cold War world Wiki
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This is a list of Cold War era atomic war or conventional war targets! They are chosen for reasons of Cold War geo-political, military, economic and\or infrastructural development reasons, etc. It is not intended to be biased or one sided!


Flag of East Germany

The East German flag.

Flag of Germany

The official West German flag.

Flag of Germany (state)

The unofficial flag of the German Federal Republic (West Germany).

The Scenario[]

Osnabrück Süden

Southern part of the inner city part of Osnabrück. NATO forces were stationed in and near Osnabrück making it a target if the Cold War went 'hot'.

Wolfsburg VW-Werk

The Volkswagen factory in Wolfsburg, Germany.

Leopard 2 A5 der Bundeswehr

3 Leopard 2A5 tanks of the German Army (Heer). W. Germany also used them.

AMX-13-

An Israeli owned AMX 13 light tank. France used them in the Cold War.

Russian Air Force MiG-31 inflight Pichugin

A Russian Air Force MiG-31 in flight over Russia.

BTR-80A (3)

A Russian BTR-80A APC. The USSR also used them.

Vladimir Putin 14 July 2000-4

A BTR-80A APC.

T-80U-2002-Kubinka

A Russian T-80U at the Kubinka museum. The Soviets also used them.

BTR-80A (3)

A Russian BTR-80A APC. The USSR also used them.

Russian Navy Antonov An-26 Dvurekov-5

Russian Navy Antonov An-26 Dvurekov-5. The Soviets used them in the cold war.

Russian Bear 'H' Aircraft MOD 45158140

Tu-95MS Bear H RF-94130 off Scotland in 2014. The soviets also used them.

Norwegian leopard 1 front

A Norwegian LEOPARD 1A1A1 main battle tank.

KNM Alta 002

KNM Alta was a minesweeper in the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1966 to 1996. It is now a museum ship in Oslo.

MGM-52 Lance

The MGM-52 Lance was a mobile field artillery tactical surface-to-surface missile (SRBM) system.

RSD-10 2009 G1

Intermediate-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead RSD-10 Pioneer. It was deployed by the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1988. NATO reporting name was SS-20 Saber. It was withdrawn from service under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty.

It was a Warsaw Pact a simulation and battle plan for the conquest of Western Europe.

Background[]

A Warsaw Pact simulated European war exercise, held in 1972, terrified the Soviet general staff when completed. It predicted 8m Soviet dead, 85% of Soviet industrial capacity destroyed, 99.99% military losses west of the Ural Mountains, East Germany largely destroyed and the European part of the USSR becoming an uninhabitable wasteland (inevitably leading to many more deaths). They were scared shitless by the result.

The plan[]

Seven Days to the River Rhine was a top-secret limited military simulation exercise developed in 1979 by the Warsaw Pact.

It was a plan to counter strike NATO by the Warsaw Pact forces after a surprise NATO first strike nuclear attack on Warsaw and the Vistula Valley in Poland. This would thus prevent the Soviet Union from sending reinforcements to East Germany to prevent a NATO invasion of that country. The GDR would be left open to invasion, but they and the local Soviet garrison forces would have still been able to take border towns like Wolfsburg and Brunswick in the short term. Such a western atrocity against Poland would have killed ~2,000,000 Poles immediately, destroyed most of the country and enraged the USSR.

With options limited, a Soviet counter-strike against West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Denmark would take place in an effort to slow down a NATO invasion. Armed combat would hit the North German Plain, Germany's Fulda Gap and the The southern Danube route and the southern Danish Islands at the same time. Since the 1960s, they the Soviets would have also used large amounts of paratroopers here as well as tanks and nukes; unlike NATO, who had cut the paras out in the 1970s, since they it did not want them getting radiation sickness after nukeings and though using nukes was probably good enough anyhow. The Warsaw pact's Operation Northern Norway would probably be activated to.

A major target was the German Rhineland, which had much coal, lead, lignite, magnesium, oil and uranium, as well as some building stone, iron ore, tin ore and lead deposits in it. Cities and towns like Saarbrücken, Dortmund, Koblenz and Düsseldorf were major economic power houses in Napoleonic times, WW1 and WW2.

Soviet nuclear response[]

American bases in Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany (like Ramstein Air Base) would have been hit, along with many German, Austrian and Italian cities. Roskildein in Denmark would be targeted for its cultural and historical significance demoralise them, the American airbase at Karup would also be hit, while Esbjerg port would be targeted because it had a large harbour capable of facilitating delivery of large NATO reinforcements. The Soviets reckoned that the USAF fighter-bombers, primarily the long-ranged F-111 would be launched British bases on nuclear strikes against the Soviet Union and East Germany, possibly with the help of the RAF (the RAF was officially after Pskov, Nizhny Novgorod and Estonia).

France and the United Kingdom were missed off the attack list and would be conventionally attacked in the The week of war policy; perhaps because nuclear weapons states, and as such retain nuclear arsenals that could be employed in retaliation for nuclear strikes against their nations or because of memories of the 1939-45 war time coalition with them.

Officially they did not want to provoke an immediate nuclear response or over stretch there forces whist fighting in Europe. The conventional attack would have last 1 week and as they would  have to tried to intimidate both nations in to surrenders. Places like RAF Fylingdales would have been attacked. The UK and France had no intention to surrender and any falier to do so would have lead to a nucliar attack by the Soviets. 

Bad Kotzing and Selb would fall to the Czechoslovaks.

France was at the time not a member of NATO's integrated command structure. France's Force de frappe employed a nuclear strategy known as dissuasion du faible au fort (weak-to-strong deterrence); which was a "counter-value" strategy, which thus implied that a nuclear attack on France's cities and/or bases would be responded to by a strike on Russian cities and/or bases. Pluton rockets would be launched in to the Soviet front lines as they burst in to southern and central Germany. 

Conquering Denmark[]

The Soviet invasion of Denmark would inevitably occur.

Conquering the Low Countries[]

This would have been swift and brutal, with the US air bases being nuked by tactical devises and later both armor and troops that had made it trough Germany taking all land to the north of the Rhine. The remaining Dutch and US troops would fall back to and try to hold out in the "Fortress Holland" zone and Rotterdam, their planned fallback position after blowing up the surrounding dykes, as in WW2. The definers' defeat would soon follow.

Belgian and Luxembourg would have been horrifical damaged and partly nuked.

W. Germany's ultimate fate[]

The remains part of Germany would have been a nuke out ruin unfit for human life and hemorrhaging mostly dyeing refugees. The rest would have been even worse since the Soviets would be wiping out all non-compliant elements and setting up a puppet regime subordinate to the GDR and USSR.

Additional plans[]

The Soviets also had planned to have reached Lyon by day 9 of the war and then to press on to a final position at the Pyrenees, but the Czechoslovakians thought it was slightly overoptimistic and Western planners now think such a plan was totally unattainable.

Outside of central Europe the Soviets' plans for Europe were to destroy military and industrial stuff, since they wanted to conquer, enslave and plunder (see the GDR). The US was the only nation who went mostly after eastern European civvies in cities. US Brits, the French, China, S. Africa and the Israelis only wanted to do what was necessary to stay alive. A sea strike at Inishtrahull off the Donegal coast, since UK subs regularly loitered their.

Known Soviet targets[]

  • Vienna was to be hit by 2 500-kiloton bombs
  • Vicenza, Verona and several bases in Italy were to be hit by single 500-kiloton bombs.
    • Hungary was to capture Vienna and part of northern Italy after this had happened.
  • Stuttgart, Munich and Nuremberg were to be destroyed by various large nuclear weapons
    • They were to be captured by the Czechoslovakians and Hungarians after being nuked.
  • The Soviets planned to use about 7.5 megatons of atomic weaponry in all during such a conflict.
  • Roskildein, the American airbase at Karup and Esbjerg port would be hit and then presumably taken by the GDR after an initial landing by Poland.
  • Ramstine AFB was to be hit and captured later along with the rest of the Rhineland.

The forces involved[]

.

.

Treaties[]

The SALT II Treaty made this plan effectively obsolete.

Also see[]

  1. Eastern Block tank quality, numbers and stats
  2. A hypothetical 1981 East-West war as it could be for days 1-10
  3. Atomic demise (1979-1986)
  4. Operation Square Leg (1980) and Exercise Hard Rock (1982)
  5. Germany's Fulda Gap
  6. Swedish pseudo-neutrality
  7. The Swiss National Redoubt (1880-2010)
  8. French nuclear plans and the Force de Dissuasion
  9. North German Plain
  10. Finnish pseudo-neutrality
  11. Operation Northern Norway
  12. The southern Danube route
  13. Soviet/NATO invasion of Finland
  14. The week of war policy
  15. Operation Gladio
  16. Atomic warfare information notes.
  17. Berlin Wall and Checkpoint Charlie
  18. Greece, Turkey and southern Italy
  19. Cold War secret police organisations
  20. How Governments become Authoritarian
  21. Nations in 1988
  22. Nations in 1991
  23. O.T.L. history notes
  24. Operation Square Leg (1980) and Exercise Hard Rock (1982)
  25. Today's OTL types of economies, societies and regimes
  26. Why the USSR broke up in reality
  27. Berlin Airlift
  28. Americas' nuclear targets in 1959
  29. River Elbe Line
  30. "Poland is 'toast'!"
  31. UGM-27 Polaris
  32. The 6th Combined Arms Army (fifth formation: 1952-98) and 2nd Guards Tank Army (1990)
Communist world! (1922-1991)
The Warsaw Pact and the military Warsaw Pact - People's Republic of Albania (left) - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- Warsaw Pact Rail - USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - Romanian Popular Republic - Romanian People's Republic - Soviet 5.45x39mm - Soviet Southern Group of Forces -Seven days to the River Rhine (1979) - Jüterbog Airfield -Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Brezhnev Doctrine - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Archangelsk Navel base - Kaliningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory - Burevestnik Airport - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle - Red Army - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Eastern bloc - Tupolev Tu-160- 9M14 Malyutka - RPG-7 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Council for Mutual Economic

Assistance (ComEcom) nations

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - SovRoms - Mongolian People's Republic - Cuba - Vietnam - North Vietnam - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - People's Republic of Albania (left) - ‎Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (never fully joined) - Romanian Popular Republic -Romanian People's Republic - North Korea (de facto, but not de jure to avoid worrying the PRC) - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (wanted to join, but never got round to doing so) - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - Eastern bloc
The ones with nukes USSR - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Sino-Soviet Split Sino-Soviet Split - USSR - Zhou Enlai - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Mao Zedong - People's Republic of China People's Republic of Albania
The end of it Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Fall of the Berlin wall - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Dissolution of the Soviet Union - Singing Revolution - Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union- The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Chernobyl disaster -Glasnost - Perestroika
Economics Sakhalin Island - Life under communism - Food cards- Collective farms- Yugoslavian Agricoles - Political Committee of the Communist Party of China - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Eastern bloc
Politics and Geo-politics Sakhalin Island - Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Khrushchev Thaw- Tito–Stalin Split‎-‎‎ Life under communism - Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - Cold War - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - Russian and Soviet Leaders between 1917 and 2018 - Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing- Closed Soviet locations - Gulags - Berlin Wall - Détente - Sino-Soviet Split - Brezhnev Doctrine - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation -Glasnost - Perestroika - Kuril Islands - Rybachy Peninsula - Kaliningrad Oblast - Eastern bloc - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Technology and outer space Sputnik 1 - Soviet Space Program - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive -Soviet MSI nMOS chip‎‎ - Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin - Chernobyl disaster - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle -Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)- The Space Race - Yuri Gagarin - Vostok rocket-Soyuz rocket - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Zenit 2 - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM
People Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Vladimir Lenin - Leonid Brezhnev‎ - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Joseph Stalin - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Mikhail Gorbachev‎‎ - Ho Chi Minh - Fidel Castro - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Mohammad Najibullah - Maurice Bishop - Zhou Enlai - Salvador Allende - Dr. Kwame Nkrumah
Important places Sakhalin island - Moscow - Nakhodka Port - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Arkangelsk Navel base - Kalinningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory -Burevestnik Airport- Jüterbog Airfield - Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Kuril Islands - Berlin Wall - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Rybachy Peninsula - St. Petersburg‎ - Closed Soviet locations - Kaliningrad Oblast - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Systems of state repression What is a police state? - Státní bezpečnost/Štátna bezpečnosť (StB/ŠtB) - Committee for State Security (KGB) - Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye (GRU) - Stasi - Securitate -Gulag - Political disappearances - Berlin Wall - A Bulgarian umbrella assassinationKomitet za dǎržavna sigurnost (CSS) - Censorship East Germany - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
The political heretics who were

not really true communists

People's Republic of Albania - Mao Zedong - Enver Hoxha - Pol Pot - Nicolae Ceauşescu - Democratic Kampuchea - Khmer Rouge - The PRC - Communist Party of Kampuchea - The Shining Path - North Korea - Red Brigades (in Italy) - Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) - Daniel Ortega - Kim Il-Sung - People's Republic of China
The founding nations Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Transcaucasian SFSR - Bukharan People's Soviet Republic - Khorezm People's Soviet Republic - Tashkent Soviet -Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Bolshevik Party
Bolshevik\Soviet annexations Estonia (annexed) - Latvia (annexed) - Lithuania (annexed) - Kaliningrad Oblast (annexed) - Finnish Civil War (the Reds lost) - Mongolian People's Republic (annexation failed) - The Far Eastern Republic (annexed)- Tuvan People's Republic (annexed) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - State of Buryat-Mongolia (annexed) - Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - Kronstadt Republic (crushed) - Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB) (crushed)- The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) (crushed)
Other former European, Central Asian

and Iranian puppet or client states

Litbell - Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) - Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic - Soviet Republic of Naissaar - Latvian SSR of 1919-1920 - The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) - Bolshavik Russia - Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic- West Ukrainian People's Republic - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - Hungarian Soviet Republic - People's State of Bavaria - Bavarian Soviet Republic - The Soviet Republic of Odessa - Kiev called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) - Petrograd Soviet - East Turkestan Republic (ETR) - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Soviet Republic of Gilan - Azerbaijan People's Government - Republic of Mahabad (1946) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Other stuff Life under communism - Sputnik 1- Khrushchyovka - Soviet Space Program - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars- Vietnam War - 1950–1953 Korean War - Family in the Soviet Union - Radio Moscow - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Soviet medals‎ - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros - Peruvian conflict - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement - Cambodian genocide - The Jewish Holocaust and Roma Porajmos in the Baltic states - Italian Communist Party -"Reds under the bed" - The Holodomor - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution - Sandinistas - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - Viet Cong - Pathet Lao - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - New Jewel Movement -All the Communist countries during the Cold War - People's Liberation Army (of China) - People's Republic of China

Online links[]

  1. https://medium.com/war-is-boring/this-is-how-the-world-could-have-ended-1ecd1db17ff2#.255fdrqjh
  2. http://coldwardecoded.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/nuclear-war-in-west-seven-days-to-river.html
  3. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/nov/26/russia.poland#article_continue.
  4. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/nov/26/russia.poland#article_continue.html
  5. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/1504008/World-War-Three-seen-through-Soviet-eyes.html
  6. http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1063249.html
  7. http://coldwarsites.net/country/denma
  8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine
  9. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/1504008/World-War-Three-seen-through-Soviet-eyes.html
  10. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/nuclear-war-the-hidden-threat-to-northern-ireland-28497656.html
  11. http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/23/politics/cold-war-u-s-nuclear-target-list/
  12. http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb538-Cold-War-Nuclear-Target-List-Declassified-First-Ever/
  13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris
  14. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13619460500100450
  15. http://coldwardecoded.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/nuclear-war-in-west-seven-days-to-river.html
  16. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1563692/Soviet-plan-for-WW3-nuclear-attack-unearthed.html
  17. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/austria/1364037/Vienna-was-top-of-Soviet-nuclear-targets-list.html
  18. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/1504006/Moscows-blueprint-resembles-thrillers-plot.html
  19. https://www.amazon.com/Race-Rhine-Liberating-Countries-1944-45/dp/1612002943
  20. https://www.amazon.com/Legends-Rhine-Low-Countries-Truenfels/dp/B009JRVOH8
  21. https://www.livius.org/pictures/a/maps/map-of-the-low-countries-in-the-roman-age/
  22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Countries
  23. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1563692/Soviet-plan-for-WW3-nuclear-attack-unearthed.html
  24. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/26/russia.poland
  25. http://www.guardian.co.uk/russia/article/0,2763,1651315,00.html
  26. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland
  27. http://www.mining-technology.com/projects/rhineland/
  28. http://www.erih.net/nc/countries/detail.html?user_erihobjects_pi2%5BshowUid%5D=15819
  29. http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/history/history/worldwar1/rhine1919.htm
  30. http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/saar.htm
  31. http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g187393-i56160701-Mainz_Rhineland_Palatinate.html
  32. http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/1920s/CarlosTreaty.htm
  33. https://isemodernworldhistorygrade9.wikispaces.com/From+the+Saarland+to+the+Rhineland,+1935-36?responseToken=0eb7222ca19ce38c481029396e8afc6df
  34. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/history/roadwar/rhine/revision/1/
  35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koblenz
  36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf
  37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken
  38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmund
  39. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris,
  40. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13619460500100450,
  41. https://museuminsider.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Cold-War-Exhibition-ideas-and-images.pdf
  42. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pakistans-nuclear-weapons-may-not-deter-indian-retaliation-but-destruction
  43. https://www.edp24.co.uk/features/what-would-have-happened-if-nuclear-bombs-had-hit-east-anglia-1-5778219
  44. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/pakistans-nuclear-weapons-may-not-deter-indian-retaliation-but-destruction-mutual/
  45. https://www.tracesofwar.com/themes/79/Fortress-Holland.htm
  46. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/nazi-invasion-of-netherlands.html
  47. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/world-war-iii-europe-imagine-if-the-soviet-union-invaded-23189
  48. https://www.reddit.com/r/HistoryWhatIf/comments/3q8j8v/what_if_patton_got_his_wish_and_invaded_the_ussr/
  49. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc
  50. https://debatepolitics.com/threads/would-europe-be-entirely-different-now-if-the-two-largest-eu-nations-had-not-invaded-russia.454973/page-8
  51. https://www.reddit.com/r/HistoryWhatIf/comments/3q8j8v/what_if_patton_got_his_wish_and_invaded_the_ussr/
  52. https://debatepolitics.com/threads/would-europe-be-entirely-different-now-if-the-two-largest-eu-nations-had-not-invaded-russia.454973/page-8
  53. https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/3416/fallschirmjaeger-airborne-assault-fortress-holland
  54. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Holland
  55. https://fortressstabilization.com/
  56. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands#Dutch_defensive_strategy
  57. https://www.tracesofwar.com/themes/79/Fortress-Holland.htm
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