Naissaar Island.
The Naissaar Island Reububic's flage of 1917-1918.
The Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar (also known by some as 'The Naissaar Island Republic ') was a revolutionary state that during the First World War controlled the Estonian island of Naissaar (Swedish: Nargö; German: Nargen) in 1917-1918 for a brief period after the October Revolution and prior to the Occupation of Estonia by German Empire. 18.6 km²
The Naissaare Nõukogude Vabariik (or Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar in English.) was a communist state in northern Estonia that lasted between 1917 and 1918, on the 18.6 km² island of Naissaar and a few near-by islandetts and costal enclaves.
The Russians built a new fort during the First World War. Estonia acquired some autonomy in April 1917 by a decree of the Russian provisional government, though Estonia remained under the suzerainty of the Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolutions the Bolshevik rebels suspended Estonia's provisional government, The Maapäev.
In December 1917, a group of Russian sailors commandeered Naissaar and proclaimed an independent "socialist republic", known as the Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Nargen, under the leadership of Stepan Petrichenko. The Russian sailors, numbering about 80-90 men, formed a government and levied taxes on the local population.
At this point the new Estonian government appealed to the German army for assistance. The "republic" ceased to exist two days later, on February 26, 1918, when German forces occupied the island, causing the Russians to flee. The sailors fled to Kronstadt, where Petrichenko came to play an important role in the Kronstadt Uprising. After the departure of the German troops the Estonian Provisional Government executed forty Bolshevik prisoners of war here in February 1919. The island then became part of the new Estonian Republic in 1920.
History[]
On November 5, 1917, the October Revolution spread from Estonia to Russia. 28 November (15 November) 1917 the Maapäev (Provincial Diet) refused to recognize the new Bolshevik rule and proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority in Estonia. At the time, the most important fortification system in the area, called Peter the Great's Naval Fortress, was located at the narrowest point of Gulf of Finland. It included heavy coastal artillery batteries in the area of Estonia's capital Tallinn (Reval) and the nearby island of Naissaar. At the time, anarcho-syndicalism Stepan Petrichenko was transferred to Tallinn. In December 1917, the revolutionary sailors of the Russian battleship Petropavlovsk of 1914 took power on the small island of Naissaar and proclaimed an independent Soviet republic there.
The Russian sailors, numbering about 80-90, formed the island's government. The Republic of Estonia formally declared independence on February 23, 1918, only to be forcibly occupied and annexed by the German Empire. Between February and November 1918, the Germans - who had already occupied the Estonian islands (Hiiumaa, Muhu and Saaremaa) in 1917 - also occupied Tallinn and the rest of Estonia, for the time being putting an end to both the Republican and the Soviet regimes.
On February 26, 1918, the government of Naissaar evacuated from the island. 450 people lived on the island during 1934, of whom 291 were Estonians, most of whom in turn were in the Estonian army. The population of Swedish fishermen preferred to migrate to Sweden in 1944 rather than to meet a second Soviet occupation.
| Communist world! (1922-1991) | |
|---|---|
| The Warsaw Pact and the military | Warsaw Pact - People's Republic of Albania (left) - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- Warsaw Pact Rail - USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - Romanian Popular Republic - Romanian People's Republic - Soviet 5.45x39mm - Soviet Southern Group of Forces -Seven days to the River Rhine (1979) - Jüterbog Airfield -Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Brezhnev Doctrine - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Archangelsk Navel base - Kaliningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory - Burevestnik Airport - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle - Red Army - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Eastern bloc - Tupolev Tu-160- 9M14 Malyutka - RPG-7 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95 - M73 Spetsnaz Boot - M73 Romanian helmet |
| The Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance (ComEcom) nations |
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - SovRoms - Mongolian People's Republic - Cuba - Vietnam - North Vietnam - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic - USSR - Mongolian People's Republic - People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - People's Republic of Albania (left) - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (never fully joined) - Romanian Popular Republic -Romanian People's Republic - North Korea (de facto, but not [de jure to avoid worrying the PRC) - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (wanted to join, but never got round to doing so) - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - Eastern bloc |
| Other Soviet allies. | People's Republic of the Congo - People's Republic of Benin – Republic of Seychelles – Democratic Republic of Madagascar - Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia - People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia - People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) - Junta of National Reconstruction (Nicaragua) - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya - People's Democratic Republic of Algeria - Jamaica - Grenada |
| The ones with nukes | USSR - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95 - People's Republic of China |
| The inter-communist splits | Sino-Soviet Split - USSR -Tankie Communists - Zhou Enlai - Nikita Khrushchev - Mao Zedong - Pol Pot - People's Republic of China - Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) - People's Republic of Albania - The inter-communist splits |
| The end of it | Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Fall of the Berlin wall - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Dissolution of the Soviet Union - Singing Revolution - Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union- The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Chernobyl disaster -Glasnost - Perestroika |
| Economics | Sakhalin Island - Life under communism - Food cards- Collective farms- Yugoslavian Agricoles - Political Committee of the Communist Party of China - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - The Agrokomerc Affair - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Eastern bloc - Gorki Auto Plant - GAZ Group Holding - ZiL |
| Politics and Geo-politics | Sakhalin Island - Stalin Monument (Budapest) - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Khrushchev Thaw- Tito–Stalin Split- Life under communism - Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - Cold War - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - Russian and Soviet Leaders between 1917 and 2018 - Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing- Closed Soviet locations - Gulags - Berlin Wall - Détente - Sino-Soviet Split - Brezhnev Doctrine - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation -Glasnost - Perestroika - Kuril Islands - Rybachy Peninsula - Kaliningrad Oblast - Eastern bloc - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union - 1952 Egyptian revolution -Sandinistas - Cuban Revolution - Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 |
| Technology and outer space | Sputnik 1 - Soviet Space Program - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive -Soviet MSI nMOS chip - Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin - Chernobyl disaster - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle -Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)- The Space Race - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Vostok rocket-Soyuz rocket - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Zenit 2 - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Phobos 1 |
| People | Stalin Monument (Budapest) - Vladimir Lenin - Leonid Brezhnev - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Nikita Khrushchev - Joseph Stalin - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Mikhail Gorbachev - Ho Chi Minh - Fidel Castro - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Mohammad Najibullah - Maurice Bishop - Zhou Enlai - Salvador Allende - Dr. Kwame Nkrumah - Gamal Abdel Nasser - Pol Pot - Michael Manley - Maurice Bishop - Colonel Muammar Gaddafi |
| Important places | Sakhalin island - Moscow - Nakhodka Port - Gorki Auto Plant - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Arkangelsk Navel base - Kalinningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory -Burevestnik Airport- Jüterbog Airfield - Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Kuril Islands - Berlin Wall - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Rybachy Peninsula - St. Petersburg - Closed Soviet locations - Kaliningrad Oblast - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc -KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome |
| Systems of state repression | What is a police state? - Státní bezpečnost/Štátna bezpečnosť (StB/ŠtB) - Committee for State Security (KGB) - Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye (GRU) - Stasi - Securitate -Gulag - Political disappearances - Berlin Wall - A Bulgarian umbrella assassination – Komitet za dǎržavna sigurnost (CSS) - Censorship East Germany - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union |
| The political heretics who were
not really true communists |
People's Republic of Albania (criminal dictatorship) - Mao Zedong (mad) - Enver Hoxha (a mafia don) - Pol Pot (evil) - Nicolae Ceauşescu (evil) - Democratic Kampuchea (evil) - Khmer Rouge (evil) - The PRC (evil then state capitalist) - Communist Party of Kampuchea (evil) - The Shining Path (evil) - North Korea (despotism)- Red Brigades (in Italy) (criminal syndicate) - Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) (criminal syndicate) - Daniel Ortega (evil) - Kim Il-Sung (despot) - People's Republic of China (evil then state capitalist) - Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (evil) - People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (evil) - Somali Democratic Republic (Black nationalist) – People's Republic of Mozambique (Black nationalist) – People's Republic of Angola (criminal syndicate) - People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Junta of National Reconstruction (Nicaragua) (evil) - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (evil) - People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (not fully communist) - Grenada (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Jamaica (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (not fully communist) - Michael Manley (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Maurice Bishop (not fully communist and liked the UK as much as they did Cuba) - Colonel Muammar Gaddafi (evil) |
| The founding nations | Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Transcaucasian SFSR - Bukharan People's Soviet Republic - Khorezm People's Soviet Republic - Tashkent Soviet -Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Bolshevik Party |
| Bolshevik\Soviet annexations | Estonia (annexed) - Latvia (annexed) - Lithuania (annexed) - Kaliningrad Oblast (annexed) - Finnish Civil War (the Reds lost) - Mongolian People's Republic (annexation failed) - The Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Tuvan People's Republic (annexed) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - State of Buryat-Mongolia (annexed) - Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - Kronstadt Republic (crushed) - Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB) (crushed)- The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) (crushed) |
| Other former European, Central Asian
and Iranian puppet or client states |
Litbell - Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) - Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic - Soviet Republic of Naissaar - Latvian SSR of 1919-1920 - The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) - Bolshavik Russia - Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic- West Ukrainian People's Republic - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - Hungarian Soviet Republic - People's State of Bavaria - Bavarian Soviet Republic - The Soviet Republic of Odessa - Kiev called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) - Petrograd Soviet - East Turkestan Republic (ETR) - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Soviet Republic of Gilan - Azerbaijan People's Government - Republic of Mahabad (1946) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Other stuff | Life under communism - Sputnik 1- Khrushchyovka - When is not a Yugo to a Yugo? - Soviet Space Program - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars- Vietnam War - 1950–1953 Korean War - Family in the Soviet Union - Radio Moscow - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Soviet medals - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros - The Agrokomerc Affair - Peruvian conflict - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement - Cambodian genocide - The Jewish Holocaust and Roma Porajmos in the Baltic states - Italian Communist Party -"Reds under the bed" - The Holodomor - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution - Sandinistas - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - Viet Cong - Pathet Lao - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - New Jewel Movement - The 'false' Cold War theory - All the Communist countries during the Cold War - People's Liberation Army (of China) - People's Republic of China - GAZ Group Holding -Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) - Polish United Workers' Party |
Also see[]
- United Baltic Duchy
- Republic of Central Lithuania
- The Russian Governorate of Livonia
- Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1919)
- Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
- Baltic Area in km2 list
- Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union
- Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
- Estonian SSR
- Latvian SSR of 1919-1920
- The Republic of North Ingria