The start of American space travel

First 5 US satellites United States Space Explorations 1958 NASA; Explorer, Vanguard, Pioneer-0

The film describes preparation and launch of five satellites and two space probes during 1958.

Diamant rocket launch, France's space agency (CNES), Hammaguir, in 60'S

( FRENCH AUDIO) Diamant A, this was the first version of the Diamant rocket program.

History

Various ideas and pioneering theories were floated a few decades earlier by H.G. Wells, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard and Hermann Oberth.

The A1 was Germany's first major attempt at any type of rocket devise. It was also the first rocket design in the Aggregate series. It was designed in 1933 by the emerging the scientist  Wernher von Braun as part of the Wehrmacht (the German army) research program at Kummersdorf headed by the scientist  Walter Dornberger.

The plan

Germany was trying to create a ballistic missile to hit the USA and UK with. Wernher von Braun wast he boffin that lead the team that created the V-2 missile.

The device

The V-2 rocket was the missile meant for use on the the UK (it was used here), Ireland, Belarus and the Netherlands (when they rebelled) as well.

The event

Nazi Germany's Army Research Center Peenemünde on the island of Peenemünde. In 1942 the German V2 was the first rocket to reach 100km from the Earth’s surface (the boundary of space). When the Wehrmacht conducted it's 1944 "Suborbital Missile test" it was the first successful passing of a man-made object to cross what would later be defined as the 100km/62mi high Kármán Line and hence first space-flight in  1944. The vertical test's  apogee was 176 kilometres (109 mi) thus making it entere space. At tyhe end of WW2, America collected several scientists during Operation Paperclip and stared it's own space program. The French and Soviets also captured a few and tryed to set up rival space programs.

Related rockets

1. A4-SLBM- a planned submarine-launched ballistic missile.
2. A9/A10 "Amerika Rakete"- a 2 stage rocket to hit North America with atomic arms.
3. The A11 "Japan Rakete"- a 3 stage rocket to hit American forces with with atomic arms as they invaded Japan.
4. The A12 design was seen as a far distant plan. It was a true orbital rocket that could be used for peaceful purposes after the Nazis had won the inevitable future war with the USA. It was proposed as a four-stage vehicle, comprising of the A12, A11, A10 and A9 interconnected rocket stages. Calculations suggested it could place as much as 10 tonnes payload in low Earth orbit.

Peaceful outcome

The American Hermes rocket, French Diamant-A rocket and the Soviet R-1 rocket were the result of this early research. America sent the first plants and animals into space in 1947. Both the rye and fruit flies came back unharmed.

Also see

1. Explorer 1
2. Vanguard 1
3. Skylab
4. Bell Textron Rocket Belt
5. North American X-15
6. Bell Rocket Belt
7. Avro Flying Car
8. Bell Jet Belt
9. Bell Helli-vector
10. Bell Helli-jeep
11. Moor 1969 Jet Pack
12. Bell Pogo
13. KGB Chita Jet Belt
14. Small Rocket Lift Device (SRLD)
15. RB2000 Rocket Belt
16. Lockheed X-17
17. Bell X-1
18. North American X-15
19. Sputnik
20. Sputnik crisis
21. Space Satellites
22. Soviet Space Program
23. Ham
24. Laika
25. A-1 "Astérix"
26. Zenit 2
27. Hawk 1/Vanguard 2A /Vanguard TV5
28. Yuri Gagarin
29. Neil Armstrong
30. Saturn V rocket
31. Vostok 1 rocket
32. Bell Rocket Belt
33. Avro Flying Car
34. Bell Jet Belt
35. Bell Helly Vector
36. Bell Pogo
37. KGB Chita Jet Belt
38. North American X-15
39. Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig
40. SSI small-scale integration Integrated circuit (1964)
41. Vomit Commit
42. Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV)
43. Science
44. American X-aircraft

Outside links

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket, 
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceflight_before_1951#1944,
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun,
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes_(missile_program),
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-1_(missile),
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration,
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration,
8. http://www.spacekids.co.uk/spacehistory/,
9. https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-launch-second-rocket-in-48-hours/?mbid=nl_62517_p2&CNDID=.
10. https://www.wired.com/story/spacex-keeps-lining-up-covert-military-launches/?mbid=nl_102417_daily_list1_p4
11. https://www.wired.com/story/how-scientists-predict-if-a-spacecraft-will-fall-and-kill-you/?mbid=nl_101917_daily_list1_p3