Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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The flag of the USSR.

The flag of Ukraine SSR.

Russian FSR flag.

Stats

The flag of the USSR.

• Name-Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (CCCP). English: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics\Soviet Union (USSR).
• Continents = Europe and Asia.
• Existed between = 1922-1991.
• Population = 293,047,571 (1991).
• Capital city= Moscow
• Currency- Soviet Ruble (SUR).
• Fiscal year- 1 January – 31 December (calendar year).
• Trade organisations- Comecon, ESCAP and others.
• GDP-$820 billion in 1977 (Nominal; 2nd), $1.212 trillion in 1980 (Nominal; 2nd), $1.57 trillion in 1982 (Nominal; 2nd), $2.2 trillion in 1985 (Nominal; 2nd) and $2.6595 trillion (1989 est.) (PPP; 2nd).
• GDP per capita- $5,800 (1982 est.) (Nominal; 32nd) and $9,130 (1991 est.) (PPP; 33rd).
• GDP by sector- agriculture: (1–2%, 1991), industry: (–2.4%, 1991)(1991 est.).
• Inflation (CPI)- 14% (43rd) (1991).
• Labour force- 152.3 million (3rd) (1989 est.).
• Labour force by occupation- 80% in industry and other non-agricultural sectors; 20% in agriculture; shortage of skilled labour (1989 est.).
• Unemployment- 1–2%.
• Main industries- petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, heavy industries, electronics, food processing, timber, mining, metallurgy and the defence (1989 est.).
• Space agency- Yes, it was second only to the USA.
• Defence organisation: Warsaw Pact.
• National global power ranking: Super-power.
• Nuclear, chemical and biological (NBC) arms: Yes for all.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

1922-1991
Motto "Workers of the World, Unite!"
Anthem "The Internationale" (1922-1944) "State Anthem of the USSR" (1944-1991)
Capital: Moscow
Languages: Russian and more 14 official languages
Religion: none (state atheism)
Government: Union, Marxist-Leninist single party state
General secretary: 1922-1952 Joseph Stalin (first) 1991 Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
Head of state: 1922-1938 Mikhail Kalinin (first) 1988-1991 Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
Head of Government: 1922-1924 Vladimir Lenin (first) 1991 Ivan Silayev (last)
​Legislature: Supreme Soviet Upper house - Soviet of the Union Lower house - Soviet of Nationalities
Historical era: Interwar period/World war II/Cold war Treaty of Creation: 30 december 1922 Treaty of Dissolved: 26 december 1991
Area: 22 402 200 km² (1991)
Population: 293 047 571 (1991)
Density: 13/1 km²
​Currency: Soviet ruble
Intermet TLD: .su
Calling code: +7

Overview

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist country that existed in Eurasia from 1922 until 1991. In 1991, it was dissolved into 15 different countries.

Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk] abbreviated to USSR (Russian: СССР, tr. SSSR) or shortened to the Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovetskij Soyuz; IPA: [sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), was a Marxist–Leninist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991. A union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party (CPSU) with Moscow as its capital.

The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, romanized as- Sovietsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or U.S.S.R; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, romanized as- Soyuz Sovietskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik) was a Communist country spanning the European and Asian continents, from the Baltic and Black seas in the West to the Okhotsk sea in the East and the Caspian Sea to the south.

Soviet Union has an area of 8,649,538 sq mi (22,402,200 km²) and a population of 293,047,571. The average density is caculated to be ~ 33.9 /sq mi (13.9/km²).

It consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (soyuznye respubliki) from 1956 until its end. Its government and economy was highly centralised.

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR), was a federal socialist state in Northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralised until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party, with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian SFSR. Other major urban centres were Leningrad(Russian SFSR), Kyiv (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk (Belorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR) and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world by surface area, spanning over 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) east to west across 11 time zones and over 7,200 kilometres (4,500 mi) north to south. Its territory included much of Eastern Europe as well as part of Northern Europe and all of Northern and Central Asia. It had five climate zones such as tundra, taiga, steppes, desert, and mountains. Its diverse population was collectively known as Soviet people.

The Soviet Union had its roots in the October Revolution of 1917 when the Bolsheviks, headed by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that had earlier replaced the monarchy. They established the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, beginning a civil war between the Bolshevik Red Army and many anti-Bolshevik forces across the former Empire, among whom the largest faction was the White Guard. The disastrous effect of the war and the Bolshevik policies led to 5 million deaths during the 1921–1922 famine in the region of Povolzhye. The Red Army expanded and helped local Communists take power, establishing soviets, repressing their political opponents and rebellious peasants through the policies of Red Terror and War Communism. By 1922, the Communists had emerged victorious, forming the Soviet Union with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics. The New Economic Policy (NEP), which was introduced by Lenin, led to a partial return of a free market and private property; this resulted in a period of economic recovery.

Following Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, a troika and a brief power struggle, Joseph Stalin came to power in the mid-1920s. Stalin suppressed all political opposition to his rule inside the Communist Party, committed the state ideology to Marxism–Leninism and ended the NEP, initiating a centrally planned economy. As a result, the country underwent a period of rapid industrialisation and forced agricultural collectivisation, which led to a significant economic growth, but also led to a man-made famine in 1932–1933 and expanded the Gulag labour camp system founded back in 1918. Stalin also fomented political paranoia and conducted the Great Purge to remove opponents of his from the Party through the mass arbitrary arrest of many people (military leaders, Communist Party members and ordinary citizens alike) who were then sent to correctional labour camps or sentenced to death.

On 23 August 1939, after unsuccessful efforts to form an anti-fascist alliance with Western powers, the Soviets signed the non-aggression agreement with Nazi Germany. After the start of World War II, the formally neutral Soviets invaded and annexed territories of several Eastern European states, including eastern Poland and the Baltic states. In June 1941 the Germans invaded, opening the largest and bloodiest theatre of war in history to that date. Soviet, Polish and Chinese war casualties accounted for the highest proportion of Allied losses in the conflict, an example being the Soviet's cost of acquiring the upper hand over Axis forces at intense battles such as Stalingrad. Soviet forces eventually captured Berlin and won World War II in Europe on 9 May 1945. The USSR was so traumatised and fearful that it thought only the occupation of neighbouring states like Poland and treating potential threats like the USA with hostility was the only way could their stop a new invasion of the nation.The territory overtaken by the Soviet Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc since the USSR had come to believe it was always at risk of invasion by Central European nations. The Cold War emerged in 1947 as a result of a post-war Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe and the Americans became paranoid during the 2nd Red Scare, where the Eastern Bloc confronted the Western Bloc that united in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949.

Following Stalin's death in 1953, a period known as de-Stalinisation and the Khrushchev Thaw occurred under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev. The country developed rapidly, as millions of peasants were moved into industrialised cities. The USSR took an early lead in the Space Race with the first ever satellite (Sputnik 1) and the first human spaceflight. In the 1970s, there was a brief détente of relations with the United States, but tensions resumed when the Soviet Union deployed troops in Afghanistan in 1979. The war drained economic resources and was matched by an escalation of American military aid to Mujaheddin fighters.

In the mid-1980s, the last Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, sought to further reform and liberalise the economy through his policies of glasnost and perestroika. The goal was to preserve the Communist Party while reversing economic stagnation. The Cold War ended during his tenure, and in 1989 Soviet satellite countries in Eastern Europe overthrew their respective communist regimes. This led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements inside the USSR as well. Central authorities initiated a referendum—boycotted by the Baltic republics, Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova—which resulted in the majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the Union as a renewed federation. In August 1991, a coup d'état was attempted by Communist Party hardliners. It failed, with Russian President Boris Yeltsin playing a high-profile role in facing down the coup, resulting in the banning of the Communist Party. On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned and the remaining twelve constituent republics emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as independent post-Soviet states. The Russian Federation (formerly the Russian SFSR) assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations and is recognized as its continued legal personality.

The USSR produced many significant social and technological achievements and innovations of the 20th century, including the world's first ministry of health, first human-made satellite, the first humans in space and the first probe to land on another planet, Venus. The country had the world's second-largest economy and the largest standing military in the world. The USSR was recognized as one of the five nuclear weapons states. It was a founding permanent member of the United Nations Security Council as well as a member of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the World Federation of Trade Unions and the leading member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Pact. Before the dissolution, the country had maintained its status as one of the world's two superpowers for four decades after World War II through its hegemony in Eastern Europe, military strength, economic strength, aid to developing countries, and scientific research, especially in space technology and weaponry

History

The Russian flag.

The Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR (AKA- Lit-Bel).

The flag of the USSR.

The Russian flag.

After defeating the Provisional Government of Russia, anarchists, cossaks, Mechavicks and anti-communists; the Bolsheviks unified the Russian, Byelorussian, Irkusk, Buryat, Amur, Ukrainian, Bukhara and Transcaucasian SSRs.

After Lenin had died, Stalin struggled with his political rivals to come to power and started a rapid state planned industrialisation of the country.

After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union went under a process of de-Stalinization under Nikita Khrushchev, and achieved many notable successes.

After Nikita Khrushchev was removed from office, due to a reform that introduced collective leadership, subsequent leaders (Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Konstantin Chernenko) did not have much power, and when Mikhail Gorbachev acceded to the position, the Soviet Union has already falling into a crisis.

He tried to reform politics and the economy, but faced opposition from both the people and the party. Yet, he created the opportunity for the republics to proclaim independence, and the Soviet Union eventually fell under the leadership of Vladimir Ivashko.

The Lenin era

After taking over Russia and forming the USSR they began to spread communism, in to neighbouring states. The Bolsheviks helped in the creation of the short lived Braverian-Munich SSR of 1919 and the long term take over of Mongolia by communists in 1924.

Both Bukhora (mostly in today's Uzbekistan) and Tanu Tuva (in Siberia directly north west of Mongolia) became communist states under Bolshevik influence in the early 1920's as well. Bukhara joined the USSR soon after a Bolshevik invasion in the early 1920s..

The Stalin era

Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive- Soviet Soldiers in Lvivh, 13 July 1944 – 29 August 1944. The great clash of Communism over Nazism. Hungary, SS Galitzen fought on this front. Nazi Germany lost to the USSR. Both Germany and the USSR were traumatised for many years a afterwards.

Field Marshal Joseph Stalin sign the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact which led to occupation of Western Poland (now part of Belarus and Ukraine), the Baltic States, some Romanian districts and Finland’s the Karelian province. The locals either fled abroad, slavishly obeyed government orders or were moved to Gulag prison and/or labour concentration camps.

The USSR fought a bloody war with Nazi Germany after the Nazis invaded the USSR in 1941. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 as the Soviets and now successor states call it, killed about 25,000,000 Soviets, 3,000,000 Germans, 250,000 Romanians and 150,000 Hungarians by it's end. The USSR was so traumatised and fearful that it thought only the occupation of neighbouring states like Poland and treating potential threats like the USA with hostility was the only way could their stop a new invasion of the nation.The territory overtaken by the Soviet Red Army became satellite states of the Eastern Bloc since the USSR had come to believe it was always at risk of invasion by Central European nations. The Baltic states were formally annexed to the USSR after WW2 to Anglo-French disgust. Tannu Tuva SSR had also joined the USSR as an autonomous ASSR in 1944.

The Battle of Białystok–Minsk of 22 June to 9 July 1941, The First Battle of Kharkov (October-November 1941), The Second Battle of Kharkov (May 1942) The Third Battle of Kharkov (February-March 1943) and The Fourth Battle of Kharkov (August 1943), The Battle of Prokhorovka of 12 July 1943, The Battle of Kursk of 5 July 1943 – 23 August 1943, The first Jassy–Kishinev offensive of 8 April to 6 June 1944 and The second Jassy–Kishinev offensiveof 20 to 29 August 1944 all occurred on it's territory during World War II.

Between 1945 and 1948, communist governments were set up as puppet and client regimes in Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, East Germany (Yugoslavia and Albania already got an interim communist government before the war's end). Stalin, who was clinically paranoid by this time, finally died in 1953.

The Cold War emerged in 1947 as a result of a post-war Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe and the Americans became paranoid during the 2nd Red Scare, where the Eastern Bloc confronted the Western Bloc that united in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949.

Malankov era

~.~

Bulganin era

The Soviets retained garrison troops throughout the territories they had occupied. During The Cold War saw these states formed the Warsaw Pact and Commecon, have continuing political and military tensions with the capitalist NATO bloc, in a 50 year stand-off in Europe.

Khrushchev era

Khrushchev took power and start simultaneous reforms. However, the big loss in war didn't seem to have been fully reverted, and economic poorness began to swallow the nation. Many projects worked well, but others were major flops. In the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, a spontaneous nationwide pro-democracy revolt had occurred and the Soviet Union invaded Hungary to re-assert its control.

Brezhnev era

In 1968, the USSR repressed the pro-democracy Prague Spring by organizing the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. Détente then occurred in several East-West summits between Brezhnev and America's president Nixon. A add-mixture of corruption, fear, incompetence, government dictates, wastefulness and in inefficacy gradually undermined the Soviet state from within after the mid 1970's.

By the early 1980s the declining Soviet economy got a big hit, thus affecting the whole block. In Poland, more than 60% of population lived in poverty, and inflation, measured by black-market rate of the U.S. dollar, was 1,500% in the period 1982 – 1987. Poland later became the cradle of the Revolutions of 1989.

Andropov era

Premier Yuri Andopov.

Due to a then political protocol, this successor of Brezhnev were obliged to rule in the same way as Brezhnev did. Therefore, hey did not left much influence. He died of old age after a about a year in office. The Poles were told to destroy the growing opposition block within Poland or face a Soviet take over of the nation.

Chernenko era

Due to a then political protocol, this successor of Brezhnev were obliged to rule in the same way as Brezhnev did. Therefore, he did not left much influence. He died of old age after a about a year in office. Relations began to improve with NATO, but collapsed with China, N. Korea and Poland.

Gorbachev era

Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on March 11, 1985, only three hours after Konstantin Chernenko's death. Upon his accession at age 54, he was the youngest member of the Politburo. Gorbachev's primary goal as General Secretary was to revive the Soviet economy after the stagnant Brezhnev years. Ecanomic policy became more market lead and fredom of speech was party alowed as many of the previosely represive laws were either relaxed or scrapped.

Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost in the late 1980's helped end the cold war, introduced a free market economy and significantly expanded freedom of expression in both the media and the press. As this happened supplies started to run out, inflation grew and fighting started between both Armenia and Azerbaijan.

The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Putsch or August Coup was a rebellion by Viktor Yanayev and a few hard liners in the Soviet communist party. The ruling GKChP cabal included Viktor Yanayev, Gen. Pavlov, Mr Kryuchkov, Mr Yazov, Boris Pugo (head of the KGB), Oleg Baklanov, Vasily Starodubtsev (chairman of the USSR Peasant Union), and Alexander Tizyakov (president of the Association of the State Enterprises and Conglomerates of Industry, Transport, and Communications).

Mikhail Gorbachev gave up leadership in late 1991 and Vladimir Ivashko finally took over most leadership roles for a few more days. Boris Yeltsin soon became president, and later on, the first democratically elected President of Russia.

The economy of the Soviet Union

DneproGES hydro-electric power plant in Ukraine is one of the symbols of Soviet economic power, was completed in 1932.

A КТ819ГМ NPN power transistor (Soviet 2N3055 copy) in TO-3 package.

The economy of the Soviet Union was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security.

Beginning in 1928, the entire course of the economy was guided by a series of Five-Year Plans. By the 1950s, the Soviet Union had, during the preceding few decades, evolved from a mainly agrarian society into a major industrial power. Its transformative capacity—what the US National Security Council described as a "proven ability to carry backward countries speedily through the crisis of modernization and industrialization"—meant communism consistently appealed to the intellectuals of developing countries in Asia. Impressive growth rates during the first three Five-Year Plans (1928–40) are particularly notable given that this period is nearly congruent with the Great Depression. Nevertheless, the impoverished base upon which the Five-Year Plans sought to build meant that, at the commencement of Operation Barbarossa, the country was still poor. While legitimate strictly in terms of growth and industrialization, the death toll attributable to Stalinist economic development has been estimated at 10 million, much of which comprises famine victims.

The major strength of the Soviet economy was its enormous supply of oil and gas, which became much more valuable as exports after the world price of oil skyrocketed in the 1970s. As Daniel Yergin notes, the Soviet economy in its final decades was "heavily dependent on vast natural resources–oil and gas in particular." However, Yergin goes on, world oil prices collapsed in 1986, putting very heavy pressure on the economy. After Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985, he began a process of economic liberalization that moved the economy towards a market-oriented socialist economy. At its dissolution at the end of 1991, the Soviet Union begat a Russian Federation with a growing pile of $66 billion in external debt, and with barely a few billion dollars in net gold and foreign exchange reserves.

The complex demands of the modern economy and inflexible administration overwhelmed and constrained the central planners. Corruption and data fiddling became common practice among the bureaucracy by reporting fulfilled targets and quotas, thus entrenching the crisis. From the Stalin-era to the early Brezhnev-era, the Soviet economy grew much slower than Japan and slightly faster than the United States. GDP levels in 1950 (in billion 1990 dollars) were 510 (100%) in the USSR, 161 (100%) in Japan and 1456 (100%) in the US. By 1965 the corresponding values were 1011 (198%), 587 (365%), and 2607 (179%). The Soviet Union maintained itself as the second largest economy in both nominal and purchasing power parity values for much of the Cold War until 1988, when Japan's economy exceeded $3 trillion in nominal value.

The USSR's relatively small consumer sector accounted for just under 60% of the country's GDP in 1990, while the industrial and agricultural sectors contributed 22% and 20% respectively in 1991. Agriculture was the predominant occupation in the USSR before the massive industrialization under Joseph Stalin. The service sector was of low importance in the USSR, with the majority of the labor force employed in the industrial sector. The labor force totaled 152.3 million people. Major industrial products included petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, lumber, mining, and defense industry.

Though, the GDP of the USSR crossed $1 trillion in the 1970s and $2 trillion in the 1980s, the effects of central planning were progressively distorted due to the rapid growth of the second economy in the Soviet Union.

Economic problems

Endemic corruption ripped the economy apart after the mid 1970s. The Shadow economy, poverty, and the smuggling of cars on fishing boats from Scotland and Japan helped ruing the plans of the now haplessly\hopeless out of touch bureaucrats working for the Politburo!

Gulags and the KGB

• Also see: Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing and Committee for State Security (KGB).

The KGB was the Soviet secret police and state spying agency. Gulags were a Stalinist and Leninist penal system.

Space and science achievements

Sputnik.

Agricultural issues

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Religion

Officially the USSR was atheist and hated religion, which it considered bunkum and pseudoscience.

Unofficially, the power hungry and Russia-centric Russian Orthodox Church maintained a fairly close relationship with the ethnically Slavic part of non-atheist factions of the Communist Party.

The Ukrainian Catholic Church, which was at least in part Ukrainian nationalist in nature, was vigorously suppressed in Soviet-controlled Ukraine until 1989. Islam was similarly crushed in Central Asia and Azerbaijan during this time. Lucky, the Buddhist and pagan minorities in Siberia were largely ignored and considered harmless in polito-religious issues.

Defence policy

A Su-25UB and MiG-29 (9-13) of Ukrainian Air Force.

A retired MiG-19PM in the National Museum of Military History, Sofia.

MiG-19- The Farmer's plane

A mig-19 fighter in action and a look around it's cockpit.

Foreign policy

The Cuban flag.

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Employment policy

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Health policy

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Transportation policy

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Energy policy

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Level of reformism in the communist bloc by 1988

1. Soviet Union- Reformist.
2. Bulgaria- Hard line.
3. Czechoslovakia- Reformist.
4. Hungary- Reformist.
5. Poland- Moderate.
6. Romania- Hard line.
7. Albania- Psychotically hard line.
8. German Democratic Republic- Reformist.
9. Mongolian People’s Republic- Reformist.
10. Yugoslavia- Moderate.
11. Cuba- Hard line, but has now mellowed over the years.
12. Vietnam- Moderate, now a state capitalist. Country to there clams, they are not communist.
13. Laos- Moderate, now a state capitalist. Country to there clams, they are not communist.
14. China- Hard line, but has taken on an increasingly capitalist, then state capitalist economy and xenophobic attitude. Country to there clams, they are not communist.
15. Afghanistan- Hard line and imploded.
16. Ethiopia- Hard line.
17. Somalia- Hard line and imploded.
18. N. Korea- Psychotically hard line and has become an evil tyranny. Country to there clams, they are not communist, but fascists.
19. S. Yemen- Moderate.
20. Benin- Moderate.
21. Congo- Moderate.
22. Angola- Moderate.
23. Mozambique- Moderate.
24. Cambodia- Moderate.

Also see

1. Sino-Soviet Split
2. Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
3. Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union
4. Autonomous oblast
5. Autonomous okrugs of Russia
6. Tartars
7. TSh-4
8. Stalin's purges
9. Stalinism
10. Stalin Monument (Budapest)
11. Stalin's cult of personality
12. Conspiracy theories about the USSR
13. Former Russian and Soviet capitals
14. Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union
15. The 6th Combined Arms Army (fifth formation: 1952-98) and 2nd Guards Tank Army (1990)
16. Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
17. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
18. Vorkuta Gulag
19. Vyacheslav Molotov
20. Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
21. Vladimir Lenin
22. Kiev TV Tower
23. Ostankino Tower
24. Tallinn TV Tower (Tallinna teletorn)
25. Riga Radio and TV Tower
26. Russian and Soviet Leaders since 1917
27. Narva Oil Plant
28. Estonian oil shale industry
29. Narva Power Plants
30. The "Baltic Chain" demonstration on August 23, 1989
31. Stalin's purges
32. Stalin's cult of personality
33. Stalinism
34. Stalin Monument (Budapest)
35. Russia
36. Cold War radio propaganda
37. Life under communism
38. Baltic Way
39. Cold War radio jamming
40. Baltics are Waking Up
41. Singing Revolution
42. Life under communism
43. USSRBall
44. GDR
45. GRU
46. KGB
47. Sputnik
48. Vostok 1
49. USSR Anthem
50. State Quality Mark of the USSR
51. Conspiracy theories about the USSR
52. The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards
53. The anti-communist "Revolutions of 1989"
54. Soviet/NATO invasion of Finland
55. The southern Danube route
56. Finnish pseudo-neutrality
57. Dissolution of the Soviet Union
58. Republics of the Soviet Union
59. Baikonur Cosmodrome
60. A political diorama
61. Soviet Space Program
62. Radio Moscow
63. Science
64. Aircraft
65. Organisations
66. Terrorism
67. Soviet Nomenklatura
68. Soviet "Era of Stagnation"
69. Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin
70. Space rockets
71. Manned space travel
72. Space Satellites
73. Life under communism
74. Siberian Federal District
75. State Quality Mark of the USSR
76. Glossary of German Military Terms
77. Soviet Air Bases
78. Soviet Air Force
79. Siberia
80. Siberian Federation (fake 1990s nation)
81. Soviet Armed Forces
82. Spetsnaz
83. Red Square
84. Soviet Army
85. Soviet China
86. Soviet Armed Forces
87. Soviet Navy
88. Soviet Space Program
89. Soviet Union Real Name!
90. Soviet culture No revisions imported
91. Soviet helicopter carrier Leningrad
92. Soviet helicopter carrier Moskva
93. Was the USSR or 20th Century USA a de facto empire?
94. 1989 Ufa train disaster
95. Soviet imperialism
96. Soviet laser pistol
97. Soviet naval avitation
98. Soviet occupation zone
99. Soviet war in Afganistan
100. Soviet invasion of Manchuria
101. Soviet aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov
102. Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)
103. Ballistic missiles, missiles and military rockets

• For an interesting alternate history, see: http://central-victory.wikia.com/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien, http://thekristoffersuniverseinwar.wikia.com/wiki/Alma-Ata,_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic,_Soviet_Union, http://novum-terram.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union, http://central-victory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(1922–1942), http://thekristoffersuniverseinwar.wikia.com/wiki/Economy_of_the_Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union, http://central-victory.wikia.com/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic, http://central-victory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(1942–1991), http://thekristoffersuniverseinwar.wikia.com/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Sovereign_Republics_of_the_Soviet_Union_(New_Union), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(Soviet_Revival), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(Soviet_West), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(Soviet_Freedom), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/A_Soviet_World, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Defeat, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_World, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Dominance, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Moon, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_West, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/The_Soviet_Dream, http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union_(New_Union), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviets_are_going_Down!_(CYOAH), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Operation_Herkules_(Soviet_Defeat), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union_(The_Bright_Sunshine), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Political_Front_(Soviet_Invasion), http://althistory.wikia.com/wiki/Military_Front_(Soviet_Invasion), http://greatmultiverse.wikia.com/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics_(Pol_Universe).

Communist world! (1922-1991)
The Warsaw Pact and the military	Warsaw Pact - People's Republic of Albania (left) - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- Warsaw Pact Rail - USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - Romanian Popular Republic - Romanian People's Republic - Soviet 5.45x39mm - Soviet Southern Group of Forces -Seven days to the River Rhine (1979) - Jüterbog Airfield -Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Brezhnev Doctrine - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Archangelsk Navel base - Kaliningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory - Burevestnik Airport - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle - Red Army - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - Eastern bloc - Tupolev Tu-160- 9M14 Malyutka - RPG-7 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (ComEcom) nations	Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - SovRoms - Mongolian People's Republic - Cuba - Vietnam - North Vietnam - German Democratic Republic- Czech Socialist Republic- USSR -People's Republic of Poland - Hungarian People's Republic - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - People's Republic of Bulgaria - Polish People's Republic - People's Republic of Albania (left) - ‎Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (never fully joined) - Romanian Popular Republic -Romanian People's Republic - North Korea (de facto, but not de jure to avoid worrying the PRC) - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (wanted to join, but never got round to doing so) - People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (de facto, but not de jure) - Eastern bloc
The ones with nukes	USSR - Cuba (gave them up) - Cuban Missile Crisis - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM - Tupolev Tu-95
The Sino-Soviet Split	Sino-Soviet Split - USSR - Zhou Enlai - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Mao Zedong - People's Republic of China People's Republic of Albania
The end of it	Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 - Fall of the Berlin wall - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Dissolution of the Soviet Union - Singing Revolution - Baltic Republics of the Soviet Union- The political dissolution of the Soviet Union and why it broke up afterwards - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Chernobyl disaster -Glasnost - Perestroika
Economics	Sakhalin Island - Life under communism - Food cards- Collective farms- Yugoslavian Agricoles - Political Committee of the Communist Party of China - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs) - The Agrokomerc Affair - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) - KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory- Eastern bloc
Politics and Geo-politics	Sakhalin Island - Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - Khrushchev Thaw- Tito–Stalin Split‎-‎‎ Life under communism - Hungarian Revolution of 1956 - Cold War - Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia - Soviet "Era of Stagnation" - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - Soviet political organs - Soviet Social Apparatus - Russian and Soviet Leaders between 1917 and 2018 - Stalin's purges and ethnic cleansing- Closed Soviet locations - Gulags - Berlin Wall - Détente - Sino-Soviet Split - Brezhnev Doctrine - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation -Glasnost - Perestroika - Kuril Islands - Rybachy Peninsula - Kaliningrad Oblast - Eastern bloc - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Technology and outer space	Sputnik 1 - Soviet Space Program - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Virgin Lands campaign - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive -Soviet MSI nMOS chip‎‎ - Soviet Ice Breaker Lenin - Chernobyl disaster - AK-47\Kalashnikov assault rifle -Soviet Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buros (OKBs)- The Space Race - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Vostok rocket-Soyuz rocket - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Zenit 2 - Tupolev Tu-160 - R-7 ICBM
People	Stalin Monument (Budapest)‎‎ - Vladimir Lenin - Leonid Brezhnev‎ - Mikhail Kalashnikov - Yuri Gagarin - Nikita Khrushchev‎‎ - Joseph Stalin - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Mikhail Gorbachev‎‎ - Ho Chi Minh - Fidel Castro - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Mohammad Najibullah - Maurice Bishop - Zhou Enlai - Salvador Allende - Dr. Kwame Nkrumah
Important places	Sakhalin island - Moscow - Nakhodka Port - Vladivostok Navel base - Murmansk Navel base - Arkangelsk Navel base - Kalinningrad Navel base - Sevastopol Navel base - Kazan Higher Tank Command School and related tank factory -Burevestnik Airport- Jüterbog Airfield - Topoľčany Army Barracks and bunker system - Kuril Islands - Berlin Wall - Mirny Diamond Mine - Magnitogorsk - Rybachy Peninsula - St. Petersburg‎ - Closed Soviet locations - Kaliningrad Oblast - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc -KhPZ Factory No. 183 in Kharkiv/Malyshev Factory - Wuxi (diode) Factory 742 - Jiangnan Radio Factory - Agrokomerc - Baikonur Cosmodrome - Plesetsk Cosmodrome
Systems of state repression	What is a police state? - Státní bezpečnost/Štátna bezpečnosť (StB/ŠtB) - Committee for State Security (KGB) - Glavnoye razvedyvatel'noye upravleniye (GRU) - Stasi - Securitate -Gulag - Political disappearances - Berlin Wall - A Bulgarian umbrella assassination – Komitet za dǎržavna sigurnost (CSS) - Censorship East Germany - Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
The political heretics who were not really true communists	People's Republic of Albania - Mao Zedong - Enver Hoxha - Pol Pot - Nicolae Ceauşescu - Democratic Kampuchea - Khmer Rouge - The PRC - Communist Party of Kampuchea - The Shining Path - North Korea - Red Brigades (in Italy) - Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) - Daniel Ortega - Kim Il-Sung - People's Republic of China
The founding nations	Russian SFSR - Ukrainian SSR - Byelorussian SSR - Transcaucasian SFSR - Bukharan People's Soviet Republic - Khorezm People's Soviet Republic - Tashkent Soviet -Communist Party of the Soviet Union - The Bolshevik Party
Bolshevik\Soviet annexations	Estonia (annexed) - Latvia (annexed) - Lithuania (annexed) - Kaliningrad Oblast (annexed) - Finnish Civil War (the Reds lost) - Mongolian People's Republic (annexation failed) - The Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Far Eastern Republic (annexed) - Tuvan People's Republic (annexed) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - State of Buryat-Mongolia (annexed) - Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (annexed) - Kronstadt Republic (crushed) - Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus (SSRB) (crushed)- The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR) (crushed)
Other former European, Central Asian and Iranian puppet or client states	Litbell - Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) - Lithuanian–Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic - Soviet Republic of Naissaar - Latvian SSR of 1919-1920 - The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) - Bolshavik Russia - Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic- West Ukrainian People's Republic - Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - Hungarian Soviet Republic - People's State of Bavaria - Bavarian Soviet Republic - The Soviet Republic of Odessa - Kiev called the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR) - Petrograd Soviet - East Turkestan Republic (ETR) - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Soviet Republic of Gilan - Azerbaijan People's Government - Republic of Mahabad (1946) - Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Other stuff	Life under communism - Sputnik 1- Khrushchyovka - When is not a Yugo to a Yugo? - Soviet Space Program - The purveyors of crappy Cold War era Easter Block cars- Vietnam War - 1950–1953 Korean War - Family in the Soviet Union - Radio Moscow - Tatra trams#T3 and T3R.P trams - M62 locomotive - TEP80 locomotive - Stalin's cult of personality - De-Stalinisation - Soviet medals‎ - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros - The Agrokomerc Affair - Peruvian conflict - Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement - Cambodian genocide - The Jewish Holocaust and Roma Porajmos in the Baltic states - Italian Communist Party -"Reds under the bed" - The Holodomor - Colombian conflict (1964–present) - Peruvian conflict - 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution - Sandinistas - Guerrilla Army of the Poor - Viet Cong - Pathet Lao - Soviet 'oligophrenics' and 'oligophrenia' - New Jewel Movement - The 'false' Cold War theory - All the Communist countries during the Cold War - People's Liberation Army (of China) - People's Republic of China

Sources

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union
2. http://www.kushnirs.org/macroeconomics_/en/ussr__gdp.html
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCCP_(disambiguation)
5. http://soviet.wikia.com/wiki/Soviet_Union
6. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/russian
7. https://web.archive.org/web/20120915090942/http://pages.towson.edu/thompson/Courses/Regional/Reference/SovietPhysical.pdf
8. http://www.fid.su/su/docs/
9. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Soviet
10. http://region.adm.nov.ru/pressa.nsf/0c7534916fcf6028c3256b3700243eac/4302e4941fb6a6bfc3256c99004faea5!OpenDocument
11. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/20/latvia-debt-economy-europe-austerity
12. https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/back-in-the-ussr-pictures-from-when-the-soviet-union-made-the-world-tremble/ss-AAT9wdB?ocid=msedgntp&cvid=71aeb25806b9402b9f72847ba88b20dd
13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive